How do you get the turtle position in python?
How can I find the coordinate of a turtle in python? Show
For example, if the turtle is located at
martineau 115k25 gold badges160 silver badges284 bronze badges asked Jul 14, 2017 at 8:04
2 As shown in the Python documentation,
Tomerikoo 16.6k15 gold badges37 silver badges54 bronze badges answered Feb 5, 2018 at 4:03
MichaelMichael 1001 silver badge3 bronze badges
Yes, but since the turtle plays on a floating point plane, this might cause you trouble when they are close but not exactly atop each other. You'll probably be better off with a test like:
I.e. is the distance between centers less than some fuzz factor that you determine. If you want to know if any turtle parts overlap (e.g. legs touching) then your fuzz factor may be as high as 10.0 answered Jul 14, 2017 at 17:48
cdlanecdlane 38.1k5 gold badges27 silver badges74 bronze badges Well the turtle.pos() method returns a tuple
so you can check if the turtle is at a specific coordinate by using:
answered Aug 4, 2020 at 9:21
ZainkZaink 95 bronze badges Source code: Lib/turtle.py Introduction¶Turtle graphics is a popular way for introducing programming to kids. It was part of the original Logo programming language developed by Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert and Cynthia Solomon in 1967. Imagine a robotic turtle starting at (0, 0) in the x-y plane. After an By combining together these and similar commands, intricate shapes and pictures can easily be drawn. The
It tries to keep the merits of the old turtle module and to be (nearly) 100% compatible with it. This means in the first place to enable the learning programmer to use all the commands, classes
and methods interactively when using the module from within IDLE run with the The turtle module provides turtle graphics primitives, in both object-oriented and procedure-oriented ways. Because it uses The object-oriented interface uses essentially two+two classes:
The procedural interface provides functions which are derived from the methods of the classes
To use multiple turtles on a screen one has to use the object-oriented interface. Note In the following documentation the argument list for functions is given. Methods, of course, have the additional first argument self which is omitted here. Overview of available Turtle and Screen methods¶Turtle methods¶Turtle motionMove and drawTell Turtle’s stateSetting and measurement Pen controlDrawing stateColor controlFillingMore drawing controlTurtle stateVisibilityAppearanceUsing eventsSpecial Turtle methodsMethods of TurtleScreen/Screen¶Window controlAnimation controlUsing screen eventsSettings and special methodsInput methodsMethods specific to ScreenMethods of RawTurtle/Turtle and corresponding functions¶Most of the examples in this section refer to a Turtle instance called Turtle motion¶turtle. forward (distance)¶ turtle. fd (distance)¶Parametersdistance – a number (integer or float) Move the turtle forward by the specified distance, in the direction the turtle is headed. >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.forward(25) >>> turtle.position() (25.00,0.00) >>> turtle.forward(-75) >>> turtle.position() (-50.00,0.00) turtle. back (distance)¶
turtle. bk (distance)¶ turtle. backward (distance)¶Parametersdistance – a number Move the turtle backward by distance, opposite to the direction the turtle is headed. Do not change the turtle’s heading. >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.backward(30) >>> turtle.position() (-30.00,0.00) turtle. right (angle)¶
turtle. rt (angle)¶Parametersangle – a number (integer or float) Turn turtle right by angle units. (Units are by default degrees, but can be set via the
>>> turtle.heading() 22.0 >>> turtle.right(45) >>> turtle.heading() 337.0 turtle. left (angle)¶ turtle. lt (angle)¶Parametersangle – a number (integer or float) Turn turtle left by angle units. (Units are by default degrees, but can be set via the >>> turtle.heading() 22.0 >>> turtle.left(45) >>> turtle.heading() 67.0 turtle. goto (x, y=None)¶
turtle. setpos (x, y=None)¶ turtle. setposition (x,
y=None)¶Parameters
If y is Move turtle to an absolute position. If the pen is down, draw line. Do not change the turtle’s orientation. >>> tp = turtle.pos() >>> tp (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.setpos(60,30) >>> turtle.pos() (60.00,30.00) >>> turtle.setpos((20,80)) >>> turtle.pos() (20.00,80.00) >>> turtle.setpos(tp) >>> turtle.pos() (0.00,0.00) turtle. setx (x)¶Parametersx – a number (integer or float) Set the turtle’s first coordinate to x, leave second coordinate unchanged. >>> turtle.position() (0.00,240.00) >>> turtle.setx(10) >>> turtle.position() (10.00,240.00) turtle. sety (y)¶Parametersy – a number (integer or float) Set the turtle’s second coordinate to y, leave first coordinate unchanged. >>> turtle.position() (0.00,40.00) >>> turtle.sety(-10) >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) turtle. setheading (to_angle)¶ turtle. seth (to_angle)¶Parametersto_angle – a number (integer or float) Set the orientation of the turtle to to_angle. Here are some common directions in degrees:
>>> turtle.setheading(90) >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 turtle. home ()¶Move turtle to the origin – coordinates (0,0) – and set its heading to its start-orientation (which depends on the mode, see
>>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0 turtle. circle (radius, extent=None,
steps=None)¶Parameters
Draw a circle with given radius. The center is radius units left of the turtle; extent – an angle – determines which part of the circle is drawn. If extent is not given, draw the entire circle. If extent is not a full circle, one endpoint of the arc is the current pen position. Draw the arc in counterclockwise direction if radius is positive, otherwise in clockwise direction. Finally the direction of the turtle is changed by the amount of extent. As the circle is approximated by an inscribed regular polygon, steps determines the number of steps to use. If not given, it will be calculated automatically. May be used to draw regular polygons. >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0 >>> turtle.circle(50) >>> turtle.position() (-0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0 >>> turtle.circle(120, 180) # draw a semicircle >>> turtle.position() (0.00,240.00) >>> turtle.heading() 180.0 turtle. dot (size=None, *color)¶
Parameters
Draw a circular dot with diameter size, using color. If size is not given, the maximum of pensize+4 and 2*pensize is used. >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.dot() >>> turtle.fd(50); turtle.dot(20, "blue"); turtle.fd(50) >>> turtle.position() (100.00,-0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0 turtle. stamp ()¶Stamp a copy of the turtle shape onto the canvas at the current turtle position. Return a stamp_id for that stamp, which can be used to delete it by calling >>> turtle.color("blue") >>> turtle.stamp() 11 >>> turtle.fd(50) turtle. clearstamp (stampid)¶Parametersstampid – an integer, must be return value of previous Delete stamp with given stampid. >>> turtle.position() (150.00,-0.00) >>> turtle.color("blue") >>> astamp = turtle.stamp() >>> turtle.fd(50) >>> turtle.position() (200.00,-0.00) >>> turtle.clearstamp(astamp) >>> turtle.position() (200.00,-0.00) turtle. clearstamps (n=None)¶Parametersn – an integer (or Delete all or first/last n of turtle’s stamps. If n is
>>> for i in range(8): ... turtle.stamp(); turtle.fd(30) 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 >>> turtle.clearstamps(2) >>> turtle.clearstamps(-2) >>> turtle.clearstamps() turtle. undo ()¶Undo (repeatedly) the last turtle action(s). Number of available undo actions is determined by the size of the undobuffer. >>> for i in range(4): ... turtle.fd(50); turtle.lt(80) ... >>> for i in range(8): ... turtle.undo() turtle. speed (speed=None)¶Parametersspeed – an integer in the range 0..10 or a speedstring (see below) Set the turtle’s speed to an integer value in the range 0..10. If no argument is given, return current speed. If input is a number greater than 10 or smaller than 0.5, speed is set to 0. Speedstrings are mapped to speedvalues as follows:
Speeds from 1 to 10 enforce increasingly faster animation of line drawing and turtle turning. Attention: speed = 0 means that no animation takes place. forward/back makes turtle jump and likewise left/right make the turtle turn instantly. >>> turtle.speed() 3 >>> turtle.speed('normal') >>> turtle.speed() 6 >>> turtle.speed(9) >>> turtle.speed() 9 Tell Turtle’s state¶turtle. position ()¶ turtle. pos ()¶Return the turtle’s current location (x,y) (as a
>>> turtle.pos() (440.00,-0.00) turtle. towards (x, y=None)¶Parameters
Return the angle between the line from turtle position to position specified by (x,y), the vector or the other turtle. This depends on the turtle’s start orientation which depends on the mode - “standard”/”world” or “logo”. >>> turtle.goto(10, 10) >>> turtle.towards(0,0) 225.0 turtle. xcor ()¶Return the turtle’s x coordinate. >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.left(50) >>> turtle.forward(100) >>> turtle.pos() (64.28,76.60) >>> print(round(turtle.xcor(), 5)) 64.27876 turtle. ycor ()¶Return the turtle’s y coordinate. >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.left(60) >>> turtle.forward(100) >>> print(turtle.pos()) (50.00,86.60) >>> print(round(turtle.ycor(), 5)) 86.60254 turtle. heading ()¶Return the turtle’s current heading (value depends on the turtle mode, see >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.left(67) >>> turtle.heading() 67.0 turtle. distance (x, y=None)¶Parameters
Return the distance from the turtle to (x,y), the given vector, or the given other turtle, in turtle step units. >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.distance(30,40) 50.0 >>> turtle.distance((30,40)) 50.0 >>> joe = Turtle() >>> joe.forward(77) >>> turtle.distance(joe) 77.0 Settings for measurement¶turtle. degrees (fullcircle=360.0)¶Parametersfullcircle – a number Set angle measurement units, i.e. set number of “degrees” for a full circle. Default value is 360 degrees. >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.left(90) >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 Change angle measurement unit to grad (also known as gon, grade, or gradian and equals 1/100-th of the right angle.) >>> turtle.degrees(400.0) >>> turtle.heading() 100.0 >>> turtle.degrees(360) >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 turtle. radians ()¶Set the angle measurement units to radians. Equivalent to >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.left(90) >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.radians() >>> turtle.heading() 1.5707963267948966 Pen control¶Drawing state¶turtle. pendown ()¶
turtle. pd ()¶ turtle. down ()¶Pull the pen down – drawing when moving. turtle. penup ()¶ turtle. pu ()¶
turtle. up ()¶Pull the pen up – no drawing when moving. turtle. pensize (width=None)¶
turtle. width (width=None)¶Parameterswidth – a positive number Set the line thickness to width or return it. If resizemode is set to “auto” and turtleshape is a polygon, that polygon is drawn with the same line thickness. If no argument is given, the current pensize is returned. >>> turtle.pensize() 1 >>> turtle.pensize(10) # from here on lines of width 10 are drawn turtle. pen (pen=None, **pendict)¶Parameters
Return or set the pen’s attributes in a “pen-dictionary” with the following key/value pairs:
This dictionary can be used as argument for a subsequent call to >>> turtle.pen(fillcolor="black", pencolor="red", pensize=10) >>> sorted(turtle.pen().items()) [('fillcolor', 'black'), ('outline', 1), ('pencolor', 'red'), ('pendown', True), ('pensize', 10), ('resizemode', 'noresize'), ('shearfactor', 0.0), ('shown', True), ('speed', 9), ('stretchfactor', (1.0, 1.0)), ('tilt', 0.0)] >>> penstate=turtle.pen() >>> turtle.color("yellow", "") >>> turtle.penup() >>> sorted(turtle.pen().items())[:3] [('fillcolor', ''), ('outline', 1), ('pencolor', 'yellow')] >>> turtle.pen(penstate, fillcolor="green") >>> sorted(turtle.pen().items())[:3] [('fillcolor', 'green'), ('outline', 1), ('pencolor', 'red')] turtle. isdown ()¶Return >>> turtle.penup() >>> turtle.isdown() False >>> turtle.pendown() >>> turtle.isdown() True Color control¶turtle. pencolor (*args)¶Return or set the pencolor. Four input formats are allowed: pencolor() Return the current pencolor as color specification string or as a tuple (see example). May be used as input to another color/pencolor/fillcolor call. pencolor(colorstring) Set pencolor to colorstring, which is a Tk color specification string, such as pencolor((r, g, b)) Set pencolor to the RGB color represented by the tuple of r, g, and b. Each of r, g, and b must be in the range
0..colormode, where colormode is either 1.0 or 255 (see pencolor(r, g, b) Set pencolor to the RGB color represented by r, g, and b. Each of r, g, and b must be in the range 0..colormode. If turtleshape is a polygon, the outline of that polygon is drawn with the newly set pencolor. >>> colormode() 1.0 >>> turtle.pencolor() 'red' >>> turtle.pencolor("brown") >>> turtle.pencolor() 'brown' >>> tup = (0.2, 0.8, 0.55) >>> turtle.pencolor(tup) >>> turtle.pencolor() (0.2, 0.8, 0.5490196078431373) >>> colormode(255) >>> turtle.pencolor() (51.0, 204.0, 140.0) >>> turtle.pencolor('#32c18f') >>> turtle.pencolor() (50.0, 193.0, 143.0) turtle. fillcolor (*args)¶Return or set the fillcolor. Four input formats are allowed: fillcolor() Return the current fillcolor as color specification string, possibly in tuple format (see example). May be used as input to another color/pencolor/fillcolor call. fillcolor(colorstring) Set fillcolor to colorstring, which is a Tk color specification string, such as fillcolor((r, g, b)) Set fillcolor to the RGB color represented by the tuple of r, g, and b. Each of r, g, and b must be in the range 0..colormode, where colormode is either 1.0 or 255 (see
fillcolor(r, g, b) Set fillcolor to the RGB color represented by r, g, and b. Each of r, g, and b must be in the range 0..colormode. If turtleshape is a polygon, the interior of that polygon is drawn with the newly set fillcolor. >>> turtle.fillcolor("violet") >>> turtle.fillcolor() 'violet' >>> turtle.pencolor() (50.0, 193.0, 143.0) >>> turtle.fillcolor((50, 193, 143)) # Integers, not floats >>> turtle.fillcolor() (50.0, 193.0, 143.0) >>> turtle.fillcolor('#ffffff') >>> turtle.fillcolor() (255.0, 255.0, 255.0) turtle. color (*args)¶Return or set pencolor and fillcolor. Several input formats are allowed. They use 0 to 3 arguments as follows: color() Return the current pencolor and the current fillcolor as a pair of color specification strings or tuples as returned by
color(colorstring) , color((r,g,b)) , color(r,g,b) Inputs as in color(colorstring1, colorstring2) , color((r1,g1,b1), (r2,g2,b2)) Equivalent to If turtleshape is a polygon, outline and interior of that polygon is drawn with the newly set colors. >>> turtle.color("red", "green") >>> turtle.color() ('red', 'green') >>> color("#285078", "#a0c8f0") >>> color() ((40.0, 80.0, 120.0), (160.0, 200.0, 240.0)) See also: Screen method Filling¶turtle. filling ()¶Return fillstate ( >>> turtle.begin_fill() >>> if turtle.filling(): ... turtle.pensize(5) ... else: ... turtle.pensize(3) turtle. begin_fill ()¶To be called just before drawing a shape to be filled. turtle. end_fill ()¶Fill
the shape drawn after the last call to Whether or not overlap regions for self-intersecting polygons or multiple shapes are filled depends on the operating system graphics, type of overlap, and number of overlaps. For example, the Turtle star above may be either all yellow or have some white regions. >>> turtle.color("black", "red") >>> turtle.begin_fill() >>> turtle.circle(80) >>> turtle.end_fill() More drawing control¶turtle. reset ()¶Delete the turtle’s drawings from the screen, re-center the turtle and set variables to the default values. >>> turtle.goto(0,-22) >>> turtle.left(100) >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-22.00) >>> turtle.heading() 100.0 >>> turtle.reset() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0 turtle. clear ()¶Delete the turtle’s drawings from the screen. Do not move turtle. State and position of the turtle as well as drawings of other turtles are not affected. turtle. write (arg,
move=False, align='left', font=('Arial', 8, 'normal'))¶Parameters
Write text - the string representation of arg - at the current turtle position according to align (“left”, “center” or “right”) and with the given font. If move is true, the pen is moved to the bottom-right corner of the text. By default, move is >>> turtle.write("Home = ", True, align="center") >>> turtle.write((0,0), True) Turtle state¶Visibility¶turtle. hideturtle ()¶ turtle. ht ()¶Make the turtle invisible. It’s a good idea to do this while you’re in the middle of doing some complex drawing, because hiding the turtle speeds up the drawing observably. turtle. showturtle ()¶ turtle. st ()¶
Make the turtle visible. turtle. isvisible ()¶Return >>> turtle.hideturtle() >>> turtle.isvisible() False >>> turtle.showturtle() >>> turtle.isvisible() True Appearance¶turtle. shape (name=None)¶Parametersname – a string which is a valid shapename Set
turtle shape to shape with given name or, if name is not given, return name of current shape. Shape with name must exist in the TurtleScreen’s shape dictionary. Initially there are the following polygon shapes: “arrow”, “turtle”, “circle”, “square”, “triangle”, “classic”. To learn about how to deal with shapes see Screen method >>> turtle.shape() 'classic' >>> turtle.shape("turtle") >>> turtle.shape() 'turtle' turtle. resizemode (rmode=None)¶Parametersrmode – one of the strings “auto”, “user”, “noresize” Set resizemode to one of the values: “auto”, “user”, “noresize”. If rmode is not given, return current resizemode. Different resizemodes have the following effects:
>>> turtle.resizemode() 'noresize' >>> turtle.resizemode("auto") >>> turtle.resizemode() 'auto' turtle. shapesize (stretch_wid=None, stretch_len=None,
outline=None)¶ turtle. turtlesize (stretch_wid=None, stretch_len=None,
outline=None)¶Parameters
Return or set the pen’s attributes x/y-stretchfactors and/or outline. Set resizemode to “user”. If and only if resizemode is set to “user”, the turtle will be displayed stretched according to its stretchfactors: stretch_wid is stretchfactor perpendicular to its orientation, stretch_len is stretchfactor in direction of its orientation, outline determines the width of the shapes’s outline. >>> turtle.shapesize() (1.0, 1.0, 1) >>> turtle.resizemode("user") >>> turtle.shapesize(5, 5, 12) >>> turtle.shapesize() (5, 5, 12) >>> turtle.shapesize(outline=8) >>> turtle.shapesize() (5, 5, 8) turtle. shearfactor (shear=None)¶Parametersshear – number (optional) Set or return the current shearfactor. Shear the turtleshape according to the given shearfactor shear, which is the tangent of the shear angle. Do not change the turtle’s heading (direction of movement). If shear is not given: return the current shearfactor, i. e. the tangent of the shear angle, by which lines parallel to the heading of the turtle are sheared. >>> turtle.shape("circle") >>> turtle.shapesize(5,2) >>> turtle.shearfactor(0.5) >>> turtle.shearfactor() 0.5 turtle. tilt (angle)¶
Parametersangle – a number Rotate the turtleshape by angle from its current tilt-angle, but do not change the turtle’s heading (direction of movement). >>> turtle.reset() >>> turtle.shape("circle") >>> turtle.shapesize(5,2) >>> turtle.tilt(30) >>> turtle.fd(50) >>> turtle.tilt(30) >>> turtle.fd(50) turtle. settiltangle (angle)¶
Parametersangle – a number Rotate the turtleshape to point in the direction specified by angle, regardless of its current tilt-angle. Do not change the turtle’s heading (direction of movement). >>> turtle.reset() >>> turtle.shape("circle") >>> turtle.shapesize(5,2) >>> turtle.settiltangle(45) >>> turtle.fd(50) >>> turtle.settiltangle(-45) >>> turtle.fd(50) Deprecated since version 3.1. turtle. tiltangle (angle=None)¶Parametersangle – a number (optional) Set or return the current tilt-angle. If angle is given, rotate the turtleshape to point in the direction specified by angle, regardless of its current tilt-angle. Do not change the turtle’s heading (direction of movement). If angle is not given: return the current tilt-angle, i. e. the angle between the orientation of the turtleshape and the heading of the turtle (its direction of movement). >>> turtle.reset() >>> turtle.shape("circle") >>> turtle.shapesize(5,2) >>> turtle.tilt(45) >>> turtle.tiltangle() 45.0 turtle. shapetransform (t11=None, t12=None,
t21=None, t22=None)¶Parameters
Set or return the current transformation matrix of the turtle shape. If none of the matrix elements are given, return the transformation matrix as a tuple of 4 elements. Otherwise set the given elements and transform the turtleshape according to the matrix consisting of first row t11, t12 and second row t21, t22. The determinant t11 * t22 - t12 * t21 must not be zero, otherwise an error is raised. Modify stretchfactor, shearfactor and tiltangle according to the given matrix. >>> turtle = Turtle() >>> turtle.shape("square") >>> turtle.shapesize(4,2) >>> turtle.shearfactor(-0.5) >>> turtle.shapetransform() (4.0, -1.0, -0.0, 2.0) turtle. get_shapepoly ()¶Return the current shape polygon as tuple of coordinate pairs. This can be used to define a new shape or components of a compound shape. >>> turtle.shape("square") >>> turtle.shapetransform(4, -1, 0, 2) >>> turtle.get_shapepoly() ((50, -20), (30, 20), (-50, 20), (-30, -20)) Using events¶turtle. onclick (fun, btn=1, add=None)Parameters
Bind fun to mouse-click events on this turtle. If fun is >>> def turn(x, y): ... left(180) ... >>> onclick(turn) # Now clicking into the turtle will turn it. >>> onclick(None) # event-binding will be removed turtle. onrelease (fun, btn=1, add=None)¶Parameters
Bind fun to mouse-button-release events on this turtle. If fun is >>> class MyTurtle(Turtle): ... def glow(self,x,y): ... self.fillcolor("red") ... def unglow(self,x,y): ... self.fillcolor("") ... >>> turtle = MyTurtle() >>> turtle.onclick(turtle.glow) # clicking on turtle turns fillcolor red, >>> turtle.onrelease(turtle.unglow) # releasing turns it to transparent. turtle. ondrag (fun, btn=1, add=None)¶Parameters
Bind fun to mouse-move events on this turtle. If fun is Remark: Every sequence of mouse-move-events on a turtle is preceded by a mouse-click event on that turtle. >>> turtle.ondrag(turtle.goto) Subsequently, clicking and dragging the Turtle will move it across the screen thereby producing handdrawings (if pen is down). Special Turtle methods¶turtle. begin_poly ()¶Start recording the vertices of a polygon. Current turtle position is first vertex of polygon. turtle. end_poly ()¶Stop recording the vertices of a polygon. Current turtle position is last vertex of polygon. This will be connected with the first vertex. turtle. get_poly ()¶Return the last recorded polygon. >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.begin_poly() >>> turtle.fd(100) >>> turtle.left(20) >>> turtle.fd(30) >>> turtle.left(60) >>> turtle.fd(50) >>> turtle.end_poly() >>> p = turtle.get_poly() >>> register_shape("myFavouriteShape", p) turtle. clone ()¶Create and return a clone of the turtle with same position, heading and turtle properties. >>> mick = Turtle() >>> joe = mick.clone() turtle. getturtle ()¶
turtle. getpen ()¶Return the Turtle object itself. Only reasonable use: as a function to return the “anonymous turtle”: >>> pet = getturtle() >>> pet.fd(50) >>> pet turtle. getscreen ()¶Return the >>> ts = turtle.getscreen() >>> ts turtle. setundobuffer (size)¶Parameterssize – an integer or Set or disable undobuffer. If size is an integer, an empty undobuffer of given size is installed. size gives the maximum number of turtle actions
that can be undone by the >>> turtle.setundobuffer(42) turtle. undobufferentries ()¶Return number of entries in the undobuffer. >>> while undobufferentries(): ... undo() Compound shapes¶To use compound turtle shapes, which consist of several polygons of different color, you must use the helper class
Note The
Methods of TurtleScreen/Screen and corresponding functions¶Most of the examples in this section refer to a TurtleScreen instance called Window control¶turtle. bgcolor (*args)¶Parametersargs – a color string or three numbers in the range 0..colormode or a 3-tuple of such numbers Set or return background color of the TurtleScreen. >>> screen.bgcolor("orange") >>> screen.bgcolor() 'orange' >>> screen.bgcolor("#800080") >>> screen.bgcolor() (128.0, 0.0, 128.0) turtle. bgpic (picname=None)¶Parameterspicname – a string, name of a gif-file or
Set background image or return name of current backgroundimage. If picname is a filename, set the corresponding image as background. If picname is >>> screen.bgpic() 'nopic' >>> screen.bgpic("landscape.gif") >>> screen.bgpic() "landscape.gif" turtle. clear ()Note This TurtleScreen method is
available as a global function only under the name turtle. clearscreen ()¶Delete all drawings and all turtles from the TurtleScreen. Reset the now empty TurtleScreen to its initial state: white background, no background image, no event bindings and tracing on. turtle. reset ()Note This TurtleScreen method is available as a global function only under the name turtle. resetscreen ()¶Reset all Turtles on the Screen to their initial state. turtle. screensize (canvwidth=None, canvheight=None,
bg=None)¶Parameters
If no arguments are given, return current (canvaswidth, canvasheight). Else resize the canvas the turtles are drawing on. Do not alter the drawing window. To observe hidden parts of the canvas, use the scrollbars. With this method, one can make visible those parts of a drawing which were outside the canvas before. >>> screen.screensize() (400, 300) >>> screen.screensize(2000,1500) >>> screen.screensize() (2000, 1500) e.g. to search for an erroneously escaped turtle ;-) turtle. setworldcoordinates (llx, lly, urx, ury)¶Parameters
Set up user-defined coordinate system and switch to mode “world” if necessary. This performs a ATTENTION: in user-defined coordinate systems angles may appear distorted. >>> screen.reset() >>> screen.setworldcoordinates(-50,-7.5,50,7.5) >>> for _ in range(72): ... left(10) ... >>> for _ in range(8): ... left(45); fd(2) # a regular octagon Animation control¶turtle. delay (delay=None)¶Parametersdelay – positive integer Set or return the drawing delay in milliseconds. (This is approximately the time interval between two consecutive canvas updates.) The longer the drawing delay, the slower the animation. Optional argument: >>> screen.delay() 10 >>> screen.delay(5) >>> screen.delay() 5 turtle. tracer (n=None, delay=None)¶Parameters
Turn turtle animation on/off and set delay for update drawings. If n is given, only each n-th regular screen update is really performed. (Can be used to accelerate the drawing of complex graphics.) When called without arguments, returns the currently stored value of n. Second argument sets delay value (see
>>> screen.tracer(8, 25) >>> dist = 2 >>> for i in range(200): ... fd(dist) ... rt(90) ... dist += 2 turtle. update ()¶Perform a TurtleScreen update. To be used when tracer is turned off. See also the RawTurtle/Turtle method
Using screen events¶turtle. listen (xdummy=None,
ydummy=None)¶Set focus on TurtleScreen (in order to collect key-events). Dummy arguments are provided in order to be able to pass turtle. onkey (fun, key)¶ turtle. onkeyrelease (fun,
key)¶Parameters
Bind fun to key-release event of key. If fun is >>> def f(): ... fd(50) ... lt(60) ... >>> screen.onkey(f, "Up") >>> screen.listen() turtle. onkeypress (fun,
key=None)¶Parameters
Bind fun to key-press event of key if key is given, or to
any key-press-event if no key is given. Remark: in order to be able to register key-events, TurtleScreen must have focus. (See method >>> def f(): ... fd(50) ... >>> screen.onkey(f, "Up") >>> screen.listen() turtle. onclick (fun, btn=1,
add=None)¶ turtle. onscreenclick (fun, btn=1,
add=None)¶Parameters
Bind fun to mouse-click events on this screen. If fun is Example for a TurtleScreen instance named >>> screen.onclick(turtle.goto) # Subsequently clicking into the TurtleScreen will >>> # make the turtle move to the clicked point. >>> screen.onclick(None) # remove event binding again Note This TurtleScreen method is available as a global function only under the name turtle. ontimer (fun, t=0)¶Parameters
Install a timer that calls fun after t milliseconds. >>> running = True >>> def f(): ... if running: ... fd(50) ... lt(60) ... screen.ontimer(f, 250) >>> f() ### makes the turtle march around >>> running = False turtle. mainloop ()¶
turtle. done ()¶Starts event loop - calling Tkinter’s mainloop function. Must be the last statement in a turtle graphics program. Must not be used if a script is run from within IDLE in -n mode (No subprocess) - for interactive use of turtle graphics. Input methods¶turtle. textinput (title, prompt)¶Parameters
Pop up a dialog window for input of a string. Parameter title is the title of the dialog window, prompt is a text mostly describing what information to input. Return the string input. If the dialog is canceled, return >>> screen.textinput("NIM", "Name of first player:") turtle. numinput (title, prompt,
default=None, minval=None, maxval=None)¶Parameters
Pop up a dialog window for input of a number. title is the title of the dialog window, prompt is a text mostly describing what numerical information to input. default: default value, minval: minimum value for input, maxval: maximum value for input The number input must be in the range minval .. maxval if these are given. If not, a hint
is issued and the dialog remains open for correction. Return the number input. If the dialog is canceled, return >>> screen.numinput("Poker", "Your stakes:", 1000, minval=10, maxval=10000) Settings and special methods¶turtle. mode (mode=None)¶Parametersmode – one of the strings “standard”, “logo” or “world” Set turtle mode (“standard”, “logo” or “world”) and perform reset. If mode is not given, current mode is returned. Mode
“standard” is compatible with old
>>> mode("logo") # resets turtle heading to north >>> mode() 'logo' turtle. colormode (cmode=None)¶Parameterscmode – one of the values 1.0 or 255 Return the colormode or set it to 1.0 or 255. Subsequently r, g, b values of color triples have to be in the range 0..cmode. >>> screen.colormode(1) >>> turtle.pencolor(240, 160, 80) Traceback (most recent call last): ... TurtleGraphicsError: bad color sequence: (240, 160, 80) >>> screen.colormode() 1.0 >>> screen.colormode(255) >>> screen.colormode() 255 >>> turtle.pencolor(240,160,80) turtle. getcanvas ()¶Return the Canvas of this TurtleScreen. Useful for insiders who know what to do with a Tkinter Canvas. >>> cv = screen.getcanvas() >>> cv turtle. getshapes ()¶Return a list of names of all currently available turtle shapes. >>> screen.getshapes() ['arrow', 'blank', 'circle', ..., 'turtle'] turtle. register_shape (name,
shape=None)¶ turtle. addshape (name,
shape=None)¶
There are three different ways to call this function:
Add a turtle shape to TurtleScreen’s shapelist. Only thusly registered shapes can be used by issuing the command turtle. turtles ()¶Return the list of turtles on the screen. >>> for turtle in screen.turtles(): ... turtle.color("red") turtle. window_height ()¶
Return the height of the turtle window. >>> screen.window_height() 480 turtle. window_width ()¶Return the width of the turtle window. >>> screen.window_width() 640 Methods specific to Screen, not inherited from TurtleScreen¶turtle. bye ()¶Shut the turtlegraphics window. turtle. exitonclick ()¶Bind If the value “using_IDLE” in the configuration dictionary is turtle. setup (width=_CFG['width'], height=_CFG['height'], startx=_CFG['leftright'],
starty=_CFG['topbottom'])¶Set the size and position of the main window. Default values of arguments are stored in the configuration dictionary and can be changed via a
>>> screen.setup (width=200, height=200, startx=0, starty=0) >>> # sets window to 200x200 pixels, in upper left of screen >>> screen.setup(width=.75, height=0.5, startx=None, starty=None) >>> # sets window to 75% of screen by 50% of screen and centers turtle. title (titlestring)¶Parameterstitlestring – a string that is shown in the titlebar of the turtle graphics window Set title of turtle window to titlestring. >>> screen.title("Welcome to the turtle zoo!") Public classes¶classturtle. RawTurtle (canvas)¶ class turtle. RawPen (canvas)¶Parameters
canvas – a Create a turtle. The turtle has all methods described above as “methods of Turtle/RawTurtle”. classturtle. Turtle ¶Subclass of RawTurtle, has the same interface but draws on a default turtle. TurtleScreen (cv)¶Parameterscv – a Provides screen oriented methods like turtle. Screen ¶Subclass of TurtleScreen, with four methods added. classturtle. ScrolledCanvas (master)¶Parametersmaster – some Tkinter widget to contain the ScrolledCanvas, i.e. a Tkinter-canvas with scrollbars added Used by class Screen, which thus automatically provides a ScrolledCanvas as playground for the turtles. classturtle. Shape (type_, data)¶Parameterstype_ – one of the strings “polygon”, “image”, “compound” Data structure modeling shapes. The pair
addcomponent (poly, fill, outline=None)¶Parameters
Example: >>> poly = ((0,0),(10,-5),(0,10),(-10,-5)) >>> s = Shape("compound") >>> s.addcomponent(poly, "red", "blue") >>> # ... add more components and then use register_shape() See Compound shapes. classturtle. Vec2D (x,
y)¶A two-dimensional vector class, used as a helper class for implementing turtle graphics. May be useful for turtle graphics programs too. Derived from tuple, so a vector is a tuple! Provides (for a, b vectors, k number):
Help and configuration¶How to use help¶The public methods of the Screen and Turtle classes are documented extensively via docstrings. So these can be used as online-help via the Python help facilities:
These modified docstrings are created automatically together with the function definitions that are derived from the methods at import time. Translation of docstrings into different languages¶There is a utility to create a dictionary the keys of which are the method names and the values of which are the docstrings of the public methods of the classes Screen and Turtle. turtle. write_docstringdict (filename='turtle_docstringdict')¶Parametersfilename – a string, used as filename Create and write docstring-dictionary to a Python script with the given filename. This
function has to be called explicitly (it is not used by the turtle graphics classes). The docstring dictionary will be written to the Python script If you (or your students) want to use If you have an appropriate entry in your At the time of this writing there are docstring dictionaries in German and in Italian. (Requests please to glingl@aon.at.) How to configure Screen and Turtles¶The built-in default configuration mimics the appearance and behaviour of the old turtle module in order to retain best possible compatibility with it. If you want to use a different configuration which better reflects the features of this module or which
better fits to your needs, e.g. for use in a classroom, you can prepare a configuration file The built in configuration would correspond to the following turtle.cfg: width = 0.5 height = 0.75 leftright = None topbottom = None canvwidth = 400 canvheight = 300 mode = standard colormode = 1.0 delay = 10 undobuffersize = 1000 shape = classic pencolor = black fillcolor = black resizemode = noresize visible = True language = english exampleturtle = turtle examplescreen = screen title = Python Turtle Graphics using_IDLE = False Short explanation of selected entries:
There can be a The turtledemo — Demo scripts¶The
Alternatively, you can run the demo scripts individually. For example, python -m turtledemo.bytedesign The
The demo scripts are:
Have fun! Changes since Python 2.6¶
Changes since Python 3.0¶
How do you set a turtle position?turtle.. Syntax: turtle.setpos(x, y=None) or turtle.setposition(x, y=None) or turtle.goto(x, y=None). Parameters:. x: x coordinate of a Vec2D-vector.. y: y coordinate of a Vec2D-vector.. What is the default position of turtle?The turtle's first appearance should be at the top left of the window.
How do you set the turtle angle in Python?Turn turtle left by angle units. (Units are by default degrees, but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.)
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Turtle motion.. How do you align a turtle in Python?This function is used to write text at the current turtle position.
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turtle. write(). |