The first thing your software will do is ask you to specify your monitor type and target settings:
White point.
Theres no such thing as a purely white light. Just as the hottest part of a candles flame is blue, a hotter white will have a bluish tint. Cooler whites will have red, orange, or yellow tints. With modern monitors, the white point is the temperature setting [measured in degrees Kelvin] that determines the warmth or coolness of your whites. If youre working with video on an LCD monitor, the recommended white point is 6500K or D65. This is also known as the native temperature of your monitor. If youre working with still images that you plan to print, the white point of 5000K [D50] is recommended, as it looks more like white on paper.
Gamma settings.
Gamma is the rate at which shades go from black to white. A higher gamma value has the same extremes of black and white as a lower gamma value, but it will produce greater contrast within that range. The recommended gamma setting depends on how you expect your video to be watched. For a screen situated in a bright room, like an office, the recommended display setting is 2.2. This is the standard setting for Mac and Windows machines. For screens in dark rooms like home theaters, the recommended setting is 2.4, because in a darker room contrast is easier to see.
Luminance.
Luminance is the intensity of the light the screen emits, also known as brightness. Its important to keep this setting consistent when youre doing color correction, so you dont correct one scene at one brightness level and another at a totally different level. The recommended brightness for a standard LCD screen is 120.
Once youve confirmed your monitor settings, the automatic calibration process will begin. The colorimeter will test your monitors colors against industry color standards, map the variations, and create a unique color profile [also known as an ICC profile] for your monitor. With an accurate profile, you can pinpoint exact shades of color and communicate those across devices.
How often should you calibrate?
Professional colorists recommend you calibrate displays at least once a month to ensure your colors stay consistent, especially as your monitor degrades and its colors change over time.
Others argue that technology has advanced to the point that color on all devices is essentially good enough. If exact color isnt your top priority, you can test your videos on a few different devices to make sure nothing is drastically wrong. Thats the approach director and producer Taylor Kavanaugh often uses. Our viewers are viewing our content on an iPhone or iPad or Samsung television, so we always look at it on all the formats that we know its going to be looked at, Kavanaugh says.
If color accuracy isnt a top priority for you, you can always play it safe by avoiding major color adjustments. If youre staying in the generic scope, keeping everything kind of even, usually that will translate through different devices pretty well, says colorist and editor Gerry Holtz. The problems begin when you push things. If you crush the blacks or add a lot of contrast or oversaturate the color, on a different device that might go too far.