Hướng dẫn dùng last debian trong PHP

# tar -cvf filename.tar file1 folder1 --totals
Total bytes written: 20561920 [20MiB, 354MiB/s]

Composer is a dependency manager made for the PHP programming language. It allows users to easily manage and integrate external dependencies and libraries for PHP software development.

This makes the software development process much more streamlined and efficient. With already pre-set dependencies and libraries, users no longer need to start their projects from scratch.

In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Composer on your shared hosting account, Linux, or macOS systems. We will also provide instructions on how to download, install and use a Composer package.

• Installing Composer
  • 1. Installing Composer on Shared Hosting, Linux, or macOS
  • 2. Installing Composer on Windows
• Generating and Understanding composer.json
• Using Autoload Script
• Updating Your Project Dependencies

Installing Composer

This section will show you how to install Composer on shared or cloud hosting accounts and such operating systems as Linux, macOS, and Windows.

Important! Composer comes pre-installed on Hostinger’s Premium and Business shared hosting plans as well as on cloud hosting plans. If you are already using our services, skip the following part. However, if you feel your version of Composer is outdated and the latest version is needed, you may proceed with the local installation process.

1. Installing Composer on Shared Hosting, Linux, or macOS

The commands to install Composer on a shared hosting account, Linux [PC or server-based system], and macOS are the same.

Pro Tip

Hostinger provides its users with two Composer versions. If you need Composer version 1.10, use the composer command.
Otherwise if you need a newer 2.0 version or you are using PHP 8.0+, use the composer2 command.

Follow these steps to install Composer on your system:

1. Connect to your hosting account using an SSH connection. Note that this is only applicable for shared and cloud hosting only. Otherwise, open a terminal window on Linux or macOS.
2. Download Composer from the official website using the following command:

php -r "copy['//getcomposer.org/installer', 'composer-setup.php'];"

If you are using macOS or Linux, ensure that you have PHP installed beforehand.

1. Verify the installer’s signature [SHA-384] to ensure that the installer file is not corrupt:

php -r "if [hash_file['sha384', 'composer-setup.php'] === '55ce33d7678c5a611085589f1f3ddf8b3c52d662cd01d4ba75c0ee0459970c2200a51f492d557530c71c15d8dba01eae'] { echo 'Installer verified'; } else { echo 'Installer corrupt'; unlink['composer-setup.php']; } echo PHP_EOL;"

The installer’s signature is the long string of characters as shown in the example command above [’55ce33d…’]. It changes every time a new version of Composer comes out. Therefore, fetch the latest SHA-384 command from the Composer download page.

1. Once you are done, you may install Composer either locally or globally. Local installation means the dependency manager will be stored in your current directory, and you must specify the path before executing corresponding commands.

Meanwhile, the global installation allows you to run Composer from anywhere on your system by storing it in the /usr/local/bin directory. However, the global installation method won’t work on shared and cloud hosting.

Local Installation

php composer-setup.php

Global Installation

php composer-setup.php --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer

You should get the following result:

All settings correct for using Composer
Downloading…

Composer [version 2.4.2] successfully installed to: /usr/local/bin/composer
Use it: php /usr/local/bin/composer

1. Once the installation process is complete, remove the installer:

php -r "unlink['composer-setup.php'];"

1. Finally, test the Composer installation:

composer

The command line will return the following output:

   ______
  / ____/___ ____ ___ ____ ____ ________ _____
 / / / __ / __ `__ / __ / __ / ___/ _ / ___/
/ /___/ /_/ / / / / / / /_/ / /_/ [__ ] __/ /
____/____/_/ /_/ /_/ .___/____/____/___/_/
                  /_/
Composer version 2.4.2 2022-09-14 16:11:15

Important! If you installed Composer locally, you need to use php composer.phar command within the same directory where it was installed in order to use Composer.

2. Installing Composer on Windows

Getting started with Composer on a Windows machine is a bit different. No command-line instructions are necessary to download and install the software.

Simply follow these steps:

1. Install PHP on your computer. We recommend using XAMPP, as the process is straightforward, and you can complete it within a few minutes.
2. Once XAMPP is installed, download the latest version of Composer.
3. Run Composer setup wizard. When it asks you to activate the developer mode, ignore it and continue with the installer.

1. A window will pop up and ask you to locate the PHP command-line. The default location is

   php composer-setup.php

   1 Once the location is selected, click Next.
2. You will be prompted with the Proxy Settings window. Leave the box unchecked and skip this part by hitting Next. Then, on the last window, click Install.
3. After completing the installation, open the Command Prompt. Press the CTRL + R shortcut, and type in cmd. Click OK.
4. Use the following command and press Enter:

composer

Command-line will return the following result:

   ______
  / ____/___ ____ ___ ____ ____ ________ _____
 / / / __ / __ `__ / __ / __ / ___/ _ / ___/
/ /___/ /_/ / / / / / / /_/ / /_/ [__ ] __/ /
____/____/_/ /_/ /_/ .___/____/____/___/_/
                  /_/
Composer version 2.4.2 2022-09-14 16:11:15

You now have Composer installed on your Windows system. Open the Command Prompt and run it from any place.

Generating and Understanding composer.json

Now, the exciting part – using Composer in your PHP project. To achieve this, you need to generate a composer.json file. This file contains packages [dependencies] that should be downloaded.

Furthermore, composer.json also checks for version compatibility for your project. If you use an older package, composer.json will let you know that one may avoid future issues.

You have the option to create and update composer.json yourself. However, the best practice is to let Composer do this for you. Thus we don’t recommend creating the file manually.

Let’s demonstrate the practicality of composer.json by creating a sample project.

Our project is a simple PHP timer, allowing developers to determine how much time a code takes to execute. This is highly useful for debugging and optimization purposes.

Follow these steps for more information:

1. Create a new directory for the project. Since our project is a timer, we will name the folder phptimer. To do this, execute the following command:

php -r "if [hash_file['sha384', 'composer-setup.php'] === '55ce33d7678c5a611085589f1f3ddf8b3c52d662cd01d4ba75c0ee0459970c2200a51f492d557530c71c15d8dba01eae'] { echo 'Installer verified'; } else { echo 'Installer corrupt'; unlink['composer-setup.php']; } echo PHP_EOL;"

1. Now, enter the newly created directory:

php -r "if [hash_file['sha384', 'composer-setup.php'] === '55ce33d7678c5a611085589f1f3ddf8b3c52d662cd01d4ba75c0ee0459970c2200a51f492d557530c71c15d8dba01eae'] { echo 'Installer verified'; } else { echo 'Installer corrupt'; unlink['composer-setup.php']; } echo PHP_EOL;"

1. Find a package or library for the project. The best place to achieve this is Packagist, where you will find tons of libraries to help your project development. For this tutorial, we need a timer package:

As you can see, several timer packages are available, and each has a name and a short description. For our example, we will pick phpunit/php-timer as it has the most downloads and GitHub Stars.

1. At the top of the page, you will see which command you need to use in the terminal to download and install the package:

php -r "if [hash_file['sha384', 'composer-setup.php'] === '55ce33d7678c5a611085589f1f3ddf8b3c52d662cd01d4ba75c0ee0459970c2200a51f492d557530c71c15d8dba01eae'] { echo 'Installer verified'; } else { echo 'Installer corrupt'; unlink['composer-setup.php']; } echo PHP_EOL;"

The output of the terminal will show the version of phpunit/php-timer:

php -r "if [hash_file['sha384', 'composer-setup.php'] === '55ce33d7678c5a611085589f1f3ddf8b3c52d662cd01d4ba75c0ee0459970c2200a51f492d557530c71c15d8dba01eae'] { echo 'Installer verified'; } else { echo 'Installer corrupt'; unlink['composer-setup.php']; } echo PHP_EOL;"

In our case, the package update range is >=5.0.3