Pharmacology and the Nursing Process
7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins
388 solutions
Clinical Reasoning Cases in Nursing
7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Mariann M Harding
2,512 solutions
The Human Body in Health and Disease
7th EditionGary A. Thibodeau, Kevin T. Patton
1,505 solutions
Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning
4th EditionG Haff, N Triplett
121 solutions
Recommended textbook solutionsTechnical Writing for Success
3rd EditionDarlene Smith-Worthington, Sue Jefferson
468 solutions
The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric
2nd EditionLawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses
661 solutions
Technical Writing for Success
3rd EditionDarlene Smith-Worthington, Sue Jefferson
468 solutions
Technical Writing for Success
3rd EditionDarlene Smith-Worthington, Sue Jefferson
468 solutions
Upgrade to remove ads
Only SGD 41.99/year
-
Flashcards
-
Learn
-
Test
-
Match
-
Flashcards
-
Learn
-
Test
-
Match
Terms in this set [109]
personnel dosimeter
Provides an indication of the working habits and working conditions of diagnostic imaging personnel
radiation survey instruments
Specific gas-filled radiation detectors that detect the presence of radiation and, when properly calibrated, give a reasonably accurate measurement of the exposure and or exposure rate
personnel monitoring report
Lists the deep, eye, and shallow occupational exposures of each covered person on a monthly, year-to-date, and lifetime equivalent basis.
OSL
device used for personnel monitoring of occupational exposure that contains an Al2O3 detector
second personnel monitoring device
Worn by a pregnant radiographer to monitor the equivalent dose to the embryo-fetus
Geiger-Muller meter
Device with an audible sound system that alerts the operator to the presence of ionizing radiation.
control monitor
Serves as a basis for comparison with the remaining OSL badges after they have been returned to the monitoring company for processing
proportional counter
Generally used in a laboratory setting to detect alpha and beta radiation and small amounts of other types of low level radioactive contamination
Personnel digital ionization dosimeter
A fairly new device that provides radiation workers with an immediate measurement of radiation exposure while including features such as long-term exposure tracking
ionization chamber connected to an electrometer
Used by medical physicists to perform annual standard measurements required by state, federal, and health care accreditation organizations for radiographic and fluoroscopic devices
Glow curve
A graphic plot that demonstrates the relationship of light output, or emitted thermoluminescence intensity, to temperature variation
check source
a weak, long lived radioisotope located on one side of the external surface of a GM meter that is used to verify its consistency daily
Doppler shift
apparent change in frequency of a light wave as an observer and light source move toward or away from each other
Extremity Dosimeter
TLD ring that may be used by an imaging professional as a second monitor while performing fluoroscopic procedures that require the hands to be near the primary X-ray beam
exposure monitoring of personnel
Required whenever radiation workers are likely to risk receiving 10% or more of the annual EfD limit of 50 mSv [5 rem] in any single year as a consequence of their work-related activities
Radiation Safety Officer [RSO]
Individual who receives and reviews personnel monitoring reports in a health care facility
pocket ionization chamber [pocket dosimeter]
Resembles an ordinary fountain pen but it contains a slender cylindrical [thimble] ionization chamber that measures radiation exposure
TLD analyzer
Measures the amount of ionizing radiation to which a TLD badge has been exposed
ionization chamber-type survey meter
cutie pie
TLD
Contains LiF powder or small chips, which function as a sensing material
crystalline lattice structure
A geometric arrangement of the points in space at which the atoms, molecules, or ions of a crystal occur.
Lithium fluoride [LiF]
sensing material found in TLDs
ALARA concept
Keeping radiation exposure to personnel As Low As Reasonably Achievable
Fluoroscopy, surgery, and special procedures
Areas of diagnostic radiology that produce the highest occupational radiation exposure for diagnostic imaging personnel
Thyroid shield and a protective lead apron
During high-level radiation procedures, imaging professionals are required to wear both of there items
In keeping with the ALARA concept, most health care facilities issue dosimeter devices when personnel could receive approximately _____ of the annual occupational EfD limit [50 mSv [5000 mrem]] in any month, or approximately 0.5 mSv [50 mrem]
1%
What different filters are incorporated into the detector packet of the OSL dosimeter?
1. Al
2. Tin
3. Copper
1,2,and 3
Diagnostic imaging personnel should wear a personal dosimeter during routine operations in an imaging facility because the device provides;
1. An indication of an individual's working habits
2. An indication of working conditions in the facility
3. A way for the employer to determine whether radiation workers are actively engaged in performing a specific number of X-ray procedures during a given period
1 and 2 only
An OSL control monitor indicates:
Whether group dosimeters were exposed in transit
Historically, which of the following personnel dosimeters allowed radiation workers to determine occupational exposure received as soon as a specific radiation procedures was completed?
Pocket ionization chamber [pocket dosimeter]
Which of following instruments should be used in a laboratory setting to detect alpha and beta radiation and small amounts of other types of low level radioactive contamination?
Proportional counter
Which of the following devices is used to measure the amount of ionizing radiation to which a TLD badge has been exposed by first hearing the crystals to free the trapped, highly energized electrons and then recording the amount of light emitted by the crystals [which is proportional to the TLD badge exposure] ?
TLD analyzer
In a health care facility, a radiographer's deep, eye, and shallow occupational exposures, as measured by an exposed monitor, may be found on the:
Personnel monitoring report
When the negatively and positively charged electrodes in the pocket ionization chamber are exposed to ionizing radiation, the mechanism does which of the following?
it discharges in direct proportion to the amount of radiation to which it has been exposed
Which of the following personnel monitoring devices resembles a flash drive in appearance?
Personnel digital ionization dosimeter
radiation survey instruments measure which of the following?
1. the total quantity
of electrical charge resulting from ionization of the gas
2. the rate at which an electrical charge is produced
3. luminescence
1 and 2 only
What do ionization chamber-type survey meters, proportional counters, and GM meters have in common?
Each contains a gas filled chamber
Which of the following radiation monitors is currently the most commonly used dosimeter for monitoring occupational exposure in diagnostic imaging
OSL
Which of the following are disadvantages of using a TLD as a personnel monitoring device?
1. It can be read only once because the readout process destroys the stored information
2. It is necessary to use calibrated dosimeters with TLDs
3. The initial cost is higher than that for an OSL dosimeter service
4. Lithium fluoride is used as the sensing material in the TLD
1,2, and 3 only
before a pocket ionization chamber [pocket dosimeter] is used to record radiation exposure, the quartz fiber indicator of the transparent reading scale should indicate which of the following?
Zero [0]
The OSL dosimeter uses:
an Al2O3 detector
A pocket ionization chamber resembles:
an ordinary fountain pen
Monitoring companies send a control monitor to health care facilities along with each batch of dosimeters. The control monitor should be:
Kept in a radiation free area within the imaging facility
Dosimeter readings that exceed a trigger level set by the health care facility are investigated to:
ascertain the cause of the reading
The TLD readout process:
destroys the information stored in the TLD
an ionization chamber-type survey meter is also referred to as a:
cutie pie
The increased sensitivity of the OSL dosimeter makes it ideal for monitoring employees working in low radiation environments and for:
Monitoring of pregnant workers
The RSO in a health care facility receives and reviews personnel monitoring reports to:
assess compliance with ALARA guidelines
Wearing a personnel dosimeter in a consistent location is the responsibility of the:
individual wearing the device
On termination of employment, a radiographer must receive a copy of:
His or her occupational exposure report
personnel dosimeters protect the wearer from exposure to ionizing radiation
False
Wearing a personnel dosimeter in a consistent location is the responsibility of the individual wearing the device
True
During lengthy interventional fluoroscopic procedures [ex: cardiac catheterization], some health care facilities may prefer to have diagnostic imaging personnel wear two separate monitoring devices
True
Cost in not a factor for health care facilities in selecting personnel dosimeters
False
The personnel digital ionization dosimeter does not provide an instant readout of dose info when connected to a computer via a connector such as a USB
False
An ionization chamber type survey meter cannot be used to measure exposures produced by typical diagnostic procedures because the exposure times are too long to permit the meter to respond appropriately
False
A disadvantage of the OSL dosimeter is that occupational exposure cannot be established on the day of occurrence because the dosimeter must be shipped to the monitoring company for reading and exposure determination unless the facility has an in house reader
True
Pocket Ionization Chambers are not commonly used in diagnostic imaging
True
All radiation survey meters are equally sensitive in the detection of ionizing radiation.
False
The ionization chamber type meter is used for radiation protection surveys
True
A pocket dosimeter may be worn for up to 1 year
False
In health care facilities that have a well structured radiation safety programs, personnel monitoring reports are received and reviewed by the RSO
True
A personnel dosimeter must be able to determine and record both small and large exposure in a consistent and reliable manner
True
The filters in an OSL dosimeter are made of lead, potassium iodide, and zinc
False
Ionizing radiation causes some of the physical properties of the LiF crystals in the TLD to undergo changes
True
When changing employment, the radiation worker must convey the data pertinent to his or her accumulated permanent equivalent dose to the new employer so that this information can be placed on file
True
Although on OSL dosimeter can work for up to 10 years, it is commonly worn for 2 years
False
Pocket Dosimeters provide no permanent legal record of exposure
True
Calibration is "the adjustment of a radiation survey instrument to accurately read the radiation level from a reference source"
True
A TLD can be read numerous times.
False
Humidity, pressure, and normal temperature changes do not affect TLDs
True
The GM detector is likely to saturate or jam when placed in a pulsed very high intensity radiation area, thereby giving a false reading
True
Health care facilities must maintain a record of exposure recorded by personnel dosimeters as part of each radiation worker's employment record
True
Area monitoring can be accomplished through the use of radiation survey instruments.
True
In an OSL dosimeter each filter blocks a portion of the radiation sensitive aluminum oxide and causes a different degree of attenuation for an radiation striking the dosimeter, depending on its energy
True
When a protective apron is worn and the personnel dosimeter is located at collar level, it provides a reading of approximate equivalent dose to the _____ gland and _____ of the occupationally exposed person
Thyroid; eyes
Radiation survey instruments for area monitoring should be calibrated _____ to meet state and federal requirements.
Periodically
Personnel dosimeters include: _____ _____ luminescence dosimeters, pocket _____ chambers, ____ dosimeters, and personnel digital ionization dosimeters.
Optically stimulated; ionization; thermoluminescent
B/c many employees in a health care facility may be required to wear radiation monitors, they should be reasonably _____ to purchase and maintain
Inexpensive
An OSL dosimeter is ____ durable, and easy to carry
Lightweight
The control monitor should be kept in a ____ area in an imaging facility
radiation-free
When changing employment, the radiation worker must convey those data pertinent to accumulated permanent _____ dose to the new employer.
Equivalent
Dosimeter readings that exceed a _____ level set be the health care facility are investigated to ascertain the cause of the reading.
Trigger
Before use each pocket dosimeter must be _____ to a predetermined voltage so that the quartz fiber indicator shows a _____ reading.
Charged; zero
___ ___ use ionization chambers connected to ____ to perform the annual standard measurements required by state, federal, and health care accreditation organizations for radiographic and fluoroscopic devices
Medical physicists; electrometers
radiation survey instruments are not all equally ____ in detecting ionizing radiation
Sensitive
Because the GM meter allows for rapid monitoring, it can be used to locate a ___ radioactive source or low-level radioactive contamination
Lost
Ionization chambers can be used to measure the ____ ____ from both radiographic and fluoroscopic equipment
radiation output
Personnel monitoring ensures that ____ radiation exposure levels are kept well below the annual EfD limit
Occupational
The OSL dosimeter is "read out" by using ___ ___ at selected frequencies
Laser light
pregnant diagnostic imaging personnel should be issued a ____ monitoring device to record the radiation dose to the abdomen during ____
Second; gestation
Monitoring reports list the ___ eye, and ___ occupational exposure of each person wearing the device in the facility as measured by the exposed monitor
deep and shallow
After a reading has been obtained, TLD crystals can be ___, thus making the device somewhat ____
reused / cost-effective
_____ monitors indicate whether group dosimeters were exposed in transit to or from a health care facility.
Control
The front of the white paper packet of the OSL dosimeter may be color coded to facilitate correct ___ and ___ of the dosimeter on the body of occupationally exposed personnel
Usage and placement
A record of radiation exposure should be part of the ___ record of all radiation workers
Employment
A TLD is not effective as a monitoring device if it is not _____.
Worn
ionizing radiation causes the LiF crystals in the TLD to undergo changes in some of their ____ properties
Physical
The OSL dosimeter provides an accurate reading as low as 10 uSv [1 mrem] for X-rays and gamma ray photons with energies ranging from ___ keV to greater than ___ Mev
5; 40
All components of an OSL dosimeter are sealed inside a tamperproof ___ blister packet
plastic
How do personnel dosimeters determine occupation exposure?
By detecting and measuring the quantity of ionizing radiation to which the dosimeter has been exposed overtime.
A cutie pie can measure x-radiation and gamma radiation, and If equipped with a suitable window, what other type of radiation can this instrument measure?
Beta radiation
Some means of monitoring personnel exposure must be employed to ensure that occupational radiation exposure levels are kept well below the annual _____ dose limit.
Effective
How can the working habits and working conditions of diagnostic imaging personnel be assessed over a designated period?
Through the use of personal dosimeter
To meet state and federal regulations, _____ from personnel monitoring programs must be recorded accurately and maintained for review.
results
LiF functions as the sensing material in which of the following devices?
TLD
Which of the following devices are used for personal monitoring?
1. OSL dosimeter
2. TLD
3. Ionization chamber type survey meter [cutie pie]
4. Personnel digital ionization dosimeter
1,2, and 4 only
In diagnostic imaging, the increased sensitivity of the OSL dosimeter makes it ideal for monitoring employees working in low radiation environments and for ___ workers
pregnant
Although an OSL dosimeter can be worn for up to 1 year, it commonly is worn for _____ to _____ months.
1/3
Sets found in the same folderCh. 2 Rad Bio
135 terms
jireland4
Unit 5 - Ch. 12 Protection. Management of Patient…
124 terms
ashlea_berry
Rad Bio Ch 11
134 terms
EmmaKat1317
Radiation Protection II Ch 13 Part 2
28 terms
cheyenne_english
Other sets by this creatorQuickbooks Final Exam
40 terms
Annathomas928
Chp 8, 9, and 10 Quickbooks Test
120 terms
Annathomas928
Quickbooks Test 1
59 terms
Annathomas928
Procedures c/t spine test
9 terms
Annathomas928
Recommended textbook solutionsFoundations for Population Health in Community and Public Health Nursing
5th EditionJeanette Lancaster, Marcia Stanhope
156 solutions
Introduction to Global Health
2nd EditionKathryn H Jacobsen
116 solutions
Law and Ethics for Health Professions
9th EditionCarlene Harrison, Karen Judson
836 solutions
William's Basic Nutrition and Diet Therapy
14th EditionStaci Nix
369 solutions
Other Quizlet setsLESSON 2
19 terms
gianemmanuelle
Actual PF Midterm
23 terms
ascrivan
Physics Ch 4 Electromagnetism
65 terms
sara_priddy
Instrumentation Ch 1
34 terms
Dj_Smarts
Related questionsQUESTION
When looking at a film, which tooth structure is radiolucent?
6 answers
QUESTION
Linear energy transfer [LET] may be best described as:
15 answers
QUESTION
A dog is exhibiting severe pain and trauma in the pelvis. Which position would be the best to complete using a vertical beam?
15 answers
QUESTION
What is the SID for RAO sternum?
15 answers