- Câu chẻ tên gọi khác của câu nhấn mạnh, gồm có 2 mệnh đề, trong đó mệnh đề thứ nhất là mệnh đề sử dụng với mục đích cần nhấn mạnh, mệnh đề thứ hai là mệnh đề phụ có tác dụng bổ ngữ cho mệnh đề thứ nhất.
– Câu chẻ dùng để nhấn mạnh một thành phần nào đó của câu.
II. Công thức câu chẻ tiếng Anh 11
1. Câu chẻ nhấn mạnh vào chủ ngữ.
It + [be] + S + who/that + V…
Ex: Lan is the best dancer. [Lan là người nhảy giỏi nhất].
➔ It is Lan who is the best dancer. [Đây là Lan người mà nhảy giỏi nhất].
2. Câu chẻ nhấn mạnh vào động từ.
S + Auxilliar + Vinf…
➔ Câu chẻ nhấn mạnh động từ ta dùng trợ động từ tương đương với thời động từ chính của câu và động từ chính ở dạng nguyên thể.
Ex:
I finished all my work yesterday.
[Tôi đã kết thúc tất cả công việc của tôi ngày mai].
➔ I did finish all my work yesterday.
[Tôi đã kết thúc tất cả công việc của tôi ngày mai].
3. Câu chẻ nhấn mạnh vào tân ngữ.
It + be + [tân ngữ] + that/whom + S + V.
Ex:
I gave her a pen last night. [Tôi đã tặng cô ấy một chiếc bút tối qua].
➔ It was her whom I gave a pen last night.
[Cô ấy người mà tôi đã tặng một chiếc bút tối qua].
4. Câu chẻ nhấn mạnh vào các thành phần khác của câu.
It + be + [thành phần câu cần được nhấn mạnh] + that + S + V.
Ex: She lives in a small house. [Cô ấy sống trong một ngôi nhà nhỏ].
➔ It is a small house that she lives in.
[Nó là một ngôi nhà nhỏ nơi mà cô ấy sống].
III. Câu chẻ trong câu bị động.
Câu chủ động: It + be + [tân ngữ] + that/whom + S + V.
Câu bị động: It + be + N + that/whom + tobe + Ved/PII + … + by O[S].
Ex:
Jim gave her boyfriend a lot of gifts.
[Cô gái này đã tặng cho bạn trai cô ấy rất nhiều quà].
➔ It was Jim’s boyfriend whom was given a lot of gifts.
[Bạn trai của Jim người mà đã được tặng rất nhiều quà bởi cô ấy].
IV. Bài tập về câu chẻ có đáp án
Câu chẻ là dạng cấu trúc khá phổ biến trong các bài tập tiếng anh lớp 11. Các bạn cần nắm vững lý thuyết bên trên và làm các bài tập ngay sau đây để củng cố. Dưới đây là một vài bài tập nhỏ chúng tôi đã tổng hợp dành cho các bạn:
Bài 1. Viết lại câu không làm thay đổi nghĩa và use cấu trúc câu chẻ với từ được gạch chân.
1. Gim will visit my grandparents next month.
➔ _________________________________. [will be]
2. Her father hit this dog in the yard.
➔ _________________________________. [was]
3. His girlfriend made some candies for his birthday’s party.
➔ _________________________________. [was]
4. Tom passed the test last week.
➔ _________________________________. [was]
5. We were born in Hanoi.
➔ _________________________________. [that]
6. They cleaned the doors this morning.
➔ _________________________________. [cleaned]
Bài 2. Rewrite these sentences with the same meaning and using the cleft sentences with underlined word:
1. My father usually complains about my students whenever they go to my house.
--------
2. I used to like climbing up tress and pick fruits.
--------
3. My neighbors always make noise at night.
---------
4. We often complain about the noise at night.
---------
5. You gave her a bunch of rose last week.
---------
6. Our English teacher is the greatest teacher in the world.
---------
7. The earthquake destroyed everything two years ago.
---------
8. My recent computer helps me a lots in preparing tasks for my students.
--------
9. My students’ bad behavior made me sad yesterday morning.
--------
10. The man gave her the book.
--------
11. He bought two houses on Nguyen Trai Street at the age of 25. [that]
--------
12. Students usually ask the teacher a lot of interesting questions. [who]
--------
13. My mom is making some cakes for our dinner. [that]
--------
14. The poor girl won first prize in the singing competition. [that]
--------
15. My friend gave me a present at my birthday party. [that]
--------
16. We really enjoy doing volunteer work. [that]
--------
Bài 3: Reorder the words to make complete sentences.
1. It/ he/ his/ that/ changed/ father's/ a/ after/ was/ death / lot./ himself
________________________________________
2. going/ to/ am/ I/ the / Tokyo/ that/ in / It/ is/ holiday./ spend
________________________________________
3. USA/ 2008/ got/It/ the / married./ in/ settled/ down/ he/ was/ that/ in/ and
________________________________________
4. that/ It/ mom/ was/ their/ gave / on/ wedding / anniversary / dad/ diamond/ ring./ my/ my/ a/
________________________________________
5. some/ It/ in / boyfriend/ me/ took / beautiful/ photos/ my/ was / who/ for/ Japan.
________________________________________
Bài 4: Choose the correct sentence that is written using the underlined part and cleft sentence with “It”.
1. He spent his summer vacation in Da Lat.
- It is in Da Lat that he spent his summer vacation.
- It was in Da Lat that he spent his summer vacation.
- It is in Da Lat that he spends his summer vacation.
- It was in Da Lat where he spends his summer vacation.
2. Candidates all over the world took part in the competition with great enthusiasm.
- It is great enthusiasm that candidates all over the world took part in the competition.
- It was great enthusiasm that candidates all over the world took part in the competition.
- It was with great enthusiasm that candidates all over the world took part in the competition.
- It is with great enthusiasm which candidates all over the world take part the competition.
3. He gains impressive achievements at the age of 20.
- It is at the age of 20 that he gains impressive achievements.
- It was at the age of 20 that he gains impressive achievements.
- It is at the age of 20 that he gained impressive achievements.
- It was at the age of 20 that he gained impressive achievements.
4. Mary made a great contribution to her husband's success.
- It is Mary who made a great contribution to her husband's success.
- It was Mary who makes a great contribution to her husband's success.
- It was Mary who made a great contribution for her husband's success.
- It was Mary who made a great contribution to her husband's success.
5. Most parents are willing to lend their ear to their children.
- They are their children that most parents are willing to lend their ear to.
- It is their children that most parents are willing to lend their ear to.
- They are their children that most parents are willing to lend their ear.
- It is their children that most parents are willing to lend their ear.
ĐÁP ÁN
Bài 1. Viết lại câu không làm thay đổi nghĩa và use cấu trúc câu chẻ với từ được gạch chân.
1. It will be Gim who visit my grandparents next month.
2. It was this dog that her father hit in the yard.
3. It was his girlfriend who made some candies for his birthday’s party.
4. It was last week that Tom passed the test.
5. It was Hanoi that We were born in.
6. It was the doors that were cleaned this morning.
Bài 2. Rewrite these sentences with the same meaning and using the cleft sentences with underlined word:
1. It is my father that/who usually complains about my students whenever they go to my house.
2. It was I that/who used to like climbing up tress and pick fruits.
3. It is my neighbors who/that always make noise at night.
4. It is we who/that often complain about the noise at night.
5.It was you/that who gave her a bunch of rose last week.
6.It is our English teacher who/that is the greatest teacher in the world.
7.It was the earthquake that destroyed everything two years ago.
8.It is my recent computer that helps me a lots in preparing tasks for my students.
9.It was my student’s bad behavior that made me sad yesterday morning.
10.It was the man who/that gave her the book.
11. It was at the age of 25 that he bought two houses on Nguyen Trai Street.
12. It is the teacher who students usually ask a lot of interesting questions.
13. It is for our dinner that my mom is making some cakes.
14. It was first prize that the poor girl won in the singing competition.
15. It was at my birthday party that my friend gave me a present.
16. It is volunteer work that we really enjoy doing.
Bài 3: Reorder the words to make complete sentences.
1. It was after his father’s death that he changed himself a lot.
2. It is in Tokyo that I am going to spend the holiday.
3. It was in 2008 that he settled down in the USA and got married.
4. It was on their wedding anniversary that my dad have my mom a diamond ring.
5. It was my boyfriend who took some beautiful photos for me in Japan.
Bài 4: Choose the correct sentence that is written using the underlined part and cleft sentence with “It”.