Nếu bạn sử dụng MacOS chắc chắn bạn đã quen thuộc với công cụ brew trên MacOS. Chúng ta có thể dễ dàng sử dụng brew cài đặt các phiên bản của Python trên MacOS một cách dễ dàng nhất.
Cài đặt Brew trên MacOS
/bin/bash -c "$[curl -fsSL //raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh]"
Cài đặt Python 3 bằng Brew trên MacOS
Đầu tiên các bạn cần phải cài công cụ brew như trên, sau đó bạn cài python bằng command sau:
brew install python3
Nó sẽ cài version mới nhất của python, còn trường hợp bạn muốn chỉ định 1 version cụ thể thì
brew install [email protected]
Kiểm tra python đã cài thành công
brew info python
Cài đặt Python bằng PyEnv trên MacOS
Cài PyEnv – công cụ quản lý môi trường phát triển của Python
brew install pyenv
Sau đó muốn cài phiên bản python nào thì chỉ cần chỉ ra version của nó. VD: cài python 3.8.9
pyenv install 3.8.9
Kết luận
Việc cài đặt Python trên MacOS thực sự rất dễ dàng đúng không?
Nguồn: vinasupport.com
Mac OS X comes with Python 2.7 out of the box.
You do not need to install or configure anything else to use Python 2. These instructions document the installation of Python 3.
The version of Python that ships with OS X is great for learning, but it’s not good for development. The version shipped with OS X may be out of date from the official current Python release, which is considered the stable production version.
Doing it Right¶
Let’s install a real version of Python.
Before installing Python, you’ll need to install GCC. GCC can be obtained by downloading Xcode, the smaller Command Line Tools [must have an Apple account] or the even smaller OSX-GCC-Installer package.
Note
If you already have Xcode installed, do not install OSX-GCC-Installer. In combination, the software can cause issues that are difficult to diagnose.
Note
If you perform a fresh install of Xcode, you will also need to add the commandline tools by running xcode-select --install on the terminal.
While OS X comes with a large number of Unix utilities, those familiar with Linux systems will notice one key component missing: a package manager. Homebrew fills this void.
To install Homebrew, open Terminal or your favorite OS X terminal emulator and run
$ /bin/bash -c "$[curl -fsSL //raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install.sh]"
The script will explain what changes it will make and prompt you before the installation begins. Once you’ve installed Homebrew, insert the Homebrew
directory at the top of your PATH environment variable. You can do this by adding the following line at the bottom of your ~/.profile file
export PATH="/usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin:$PATH"
If you have OS X 10.12 [Sierra] or older use this line instead
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$PATH
Now, we can install Python 3:
This will take a minute or two.
Pip¶
Homebrew installs pip pointing to the Homebrew’d Python 3 for you.
Working with Python 3¶
At this point, you have the system Python 2.7 available, potentially the Homebrew version of Python 2 installed, and the Homebrew version of Python 3 as well.
will launch the Homebrew-installed Python 3 interpreter.
will launch the Homebrew-installed Python 2 interpreter [if any].
will launch the Homebrew-installed Python 3 interpreter.
If the Homebrew version of Python 2 is installed then pip2 will point to Python 2. If the Homebrew version of Python 3 is installed then pip will point to Python 3.
The rest of the guide will assume that python references
Python 3.
# Do I have a Python 3 installed? $ python --version Python 3.7.1 # Success!
Pipenv & Virtual Environments¶
The next step is to install Pipenv, so you can install dependencies and manage virtual environments.
A Virtual Environment is a tool to keep the dependencies required by different projects in separate places, by creating virtual Python environments for them. It solves the “Project X depends on version 1.x but, Project Y needs 4.x” dilemma, and keeps your global site-packages directory clean and manageable.
For example, you can work on a project which requires Django 1.10 while also maintaining a project which requires Django 1.8.
So, onward! To the Pipenv & Virtual Environments docs!
This page is a remixed version of another guide, which is available under the same license.