PHP String
PHP string is a sequence of characters i.e., used to store and manipulate text. PHP supports only 256-character set and so that it does not offer native Unicode support. There are 4 ways to specify a string literal in PHP.
- single quoted
- double quoted
- heredoc syntax
- newdoc syntax [since PHP 5.3]
Single Quoted
We can create a string in PHP by enclosing the text in a single-quote. It is the easiest way to specify string in PHP.
For specifying a literal single quote, escape it with a backslash [\] and to specify a literal backslash [\] use double backslash [\\]. All the other instances with backslash such as \r or \n, will be output same as they specified instead of having any special meaning.
For Example
Following some examples are given to understand the single quoted PHP String in a better way:
Example 1
Output:
Hello text within single quote
We can store multiple line text, special characters, and escape sequences in a single-quoted PHP string.
Example 2
Output:
Hello text multiple line text within single quoted string Using double "quote" directly inside single quoted string Using escape sequences \n in single quoted string
Example 3
Output:
trying variable $num1 trying backslash n and backslash t inside single quoted string \n \t Using single quote 'my quote' and \backslash
Note: In single quoted PHP strings, most escape sequences and variables will not be interpreted. But, we can use single quote through \' and backslash through \\ inside single quoted PHP strings.
Double Quoted
In PHP, we can specify string through enclosing text within double quote also. But escape sequences and variables will be interpreted using double quote PHP strings.
Example 1
Output:
Hello text within double quote
Now, you can't use double quote directly inside double quoted string.
Example 2
Output:
Parse error: syntax error, unexpected 'quote' [T_STRING] in C:\wamp\www\string1.php on line 2
We can store multiple line text, special characters and escape sequences in a double quoted PHP string.
Example 3
Output:
Hello text multiple line text within double quoted string Using double "quote" with backslash inside double quoted string Using escape sequences in double quoted string
In double quoted strings, variable will be interpreted.
Example 4
Output:
Heredoc
Heredoc syntax [demo example. Now, I am printing {$heredocExample->example[1]}. It will print a capital 'A': \x41
Note: newdoc supported by PHP 5.3.0+ versions.
Invalid Example
We cannot use any whitespace or tab before and after the identifier and semicolon, means identifier must not be indented. The identifier must begin from the new line. It is also invalid in newdoc same as heredoc.
This code will generate an error.
Output:
Parse error: syntax error, unexpected end of file in C:\xampp\htdocs\xampp\PMA\newdoc.php on line 7