Updated: 11/06/2021 by
Navigating Microsoft Windows using the keyboard for many commonly performed tasks can dramatically increase your productivity. Also, a situation may arise when the mouse stops functioning, or you need to work on a computer without one. The following sections contain many essential combinations used to navigate Windows using your keyboard. You can navigate this page by clicking a link below or scroll through the entire page and learn all the methods individually.
Note
Some of these key combinations have different effects or do not work the same way for Windows 8 and 8.1.
Opening a program from the Start menu
To start, you can access the Microsoft Windows Start menu by pressing the Windows key on the keyboard or by pressing the Ctrl and Esc keys simultaneously.
Note
Because Windows 8 does not have a Start menu, pressing the Windows key or Ctrl+Esc keys shows the Windows Start screen or goes to the Windows desktop.
In the Start menu, you can use the arrow keys on the keyboard to move up, down, left, or right in the Start menu. Once you've located the program you want to run, press the Enter key.
Tip
You can quickly open a program by pressing the Windows key, typing the program's name, and then pressing Enter.
Opening a program from File Explorer
To start, press Windows key+E on the keyboard to open Windows File Explorer.
In File Explorer, you may use a combination of the Tab key and the arrow keys to navigate. Tab moves you between sections of File Explorer, and the arrow keys to move up, down, left, or right within them. Once you've located and selected the program you want to run, press the Enter key.
Tip
You can quickly open a program by pressing the Windows key, typing the program's name, and then pressing Enter.
Opening a program on the desktop
To run a program with an icon [shortcut] on the desktop, you can move to the desktop by pressing the Tab key on your keyboard. Pressing Tab while on the desktop switches between the desktop, Start, and each item on the taskbar. You can determine what area you're currently at by looking for an item that is selected. A selected item is highlighted or has a border of dots.
In some cases, you may have to press Tab several times before getting to the desktop icons. Once one of the desktop icons is selected, you can move to other icons using your arrow keys.
Once the icon on the desktop you want to run is selected, press the Enter key to open that program.
Closing, minimizing, maximizing, or moving a window
Closing a window
Press the Ctrl and F4 keys on the keyboard simultaneously to close the current open program or window.
You can also press the Alt and spacebar keys simultaneously, then arrow down to the Close or Exit option in the menu and press Enter.
Minimizing or shrinking a window
To minimize a window, press the Windows key and down arrow simultaneously [sometimes twice].
Maximizing a window
To maximize a window, press the Windows key and up arrow at the same time.
Moving a window
Before you can move any window, it must not be maximized. To make the window appear in windowed mode, press the Alt and spacebar keys simultaneously, move to the Restore option, and press Enter. In windowed mode, you can move a window if you press Alt+spacebar, select Move from the menu, then use the arrow keys to move it.
Closing or changing tabs
Closing a tab
In most programs, pressing the Ctrl and F4 keys at the same time closes a tab.
Switching tabs
To move left to right between tabs in the currently selected window, press the Ctrl and Tab keys simultaneously.
To move right to left between tabs in the currently selected window, press the Ctrl, Shift, and Tab keys simultaneously.
Moving between open windows and applications
To move between any open programs on your computer, press and hold the Alt key, then press the Tab key. If this is done successfully, a window appears that displays each of the open programs on your computer. Repeatedly pressing Tab while continuing to hold Alt moves between each of the open programs. When the program you want to switch to is selected, let go of both keys to make it your current window.
Navigating between fields and buttons on a window
To move your cursor between objects or fields in a window [such as a dialog box], use the Tab, spacebar, arrow, and Enter keys. Tab is usually the default, but if it does not work, try using the arrow keys. If you need to press a button, such as OK or Cancel, press the spacebar or Enter key.
Manipulating and moving through text
Below are the different methods of moving through text in a document without the aid of a mouse. Not only does this help users without a mouse, but it can also save you a great deal of time when working with text documents.
Arrow keys - Using the arrow keys on the keyboard, move the cursor up, down, left, or right in the document.
Ctrl and Arrow keys - Holding down the Ctrl key while pressing the left or right arrow keys moves the cursor one word at a time. Using this shortcut is much faster than only using the arrow keys. Holding Ctrl while pressing up or down moves through each of the paragraphs in the document.
End and Home keys - Pressing the End key takes you to the end of a line or document while pressing the Home key moves you to the beginning.
Shift key - The Shift key lets you highlight text. For example, holding down the Shift key while using the right or left arrow keys highlights the text to the left or right. If you hold down Shift while pressing the down arrow keys, you highlight one line at a time in that direction.
You can also use the Shift key in combination with the other recommendations above. For example, pressing and holding Shift and Ctrl and using the arrows highlights one word at a time. Holding down Shift and pressing the End key highlights from the current cursor position to the end of the line or document.
Scrolling up or down in a window is often accomplished with the up and down arrow keys, Page up and Page down keys, or the spacebar.
Right-clicking an icon or other element of Windows
In some situations, you may need to right-click an icon, text, or other Windows elements. To do this without a mouse, select the icon or move the cursor to the text you need to right-click. Then, press the Shift and F10 keys at the same time.
Checking and unchecking a checkbox
Some Windows settings pages require you to check or uncheck a checkbox to change settings. Press the Tab key to cycle through each entry on a settings page. Then, press the spacebar to check or uncheck a checkbox for the highlighted entry.