In which of the following scenarios would social loafing least likely occur
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Solomon Asch's influential study examined which of the following social psychological constructs? Possible Answers: Conformity Social isolation Stereotypes Social loafing Correct answer: Conformity Explanation: Asch told participants that they would be participating in a study on visual perception. Little did the participants know, two of their peers were not fellow participants but confederates. The group was asked to determine which line on a card best matched the line on another card. On the first question, the confederates stated the correct answer, but on the second, they both stated an answer that was clearly incorrect. In this experiment, more than two-thirds of participants conformed to the wrong answer stated by the confederates. Social loafing refers to the tendency for people to put in less effort when working together with a group. Stereotypes are negative, positive, or neutral judgments about others based on their membership to a certain social group. Cooper asks his three teammates—Tristan, Tyler, and Javier—whether or not they find ranch flavored sunflower seeds (Cooper's favorite) as a dugout snack. Tristan and Tyler openly vocalize their love for ranch flavored sunflower seeds. On the other hand, Javier despises the taste of them, but doesn't want to be teased by his teammates for his "unorthodox" tastes. He lies to his teammates and says that he loves them. Which social psychology phenomenon is at work in this scenario? Possible Answers: Social loafing Informational social influence Normative social influence Deindividuation None of these Correct answer: Normative social influence Explanation: In this example, Javier lies about his opinion on ranch flavored sunflower seeds so that he can avoid being belittled and teased by his teammates for his differing tastes in dugout snacks. This is a prime example of normative social influence—Javier wants to continue to be well-liked by his teammates, so he lies about his opinion on ranch flavored sunflower seeds to avoid their potential disapproval. A man gets sick and collapses in the middle of a public square. Due to the bystander effect, if there are many people present, then which of the following is most likely to occur? Possible Answers: None of these It is less likely that someone will help him than if only one or two people are present It is less likely that another person will begin feeling sick than if one or two people are present It is more likely that someone will help him than if one or two people are present It is more likely that another person will begin feeling sick than if one or two people are present Correct answer: It is less likely that someone will help him than if only one or two people are present Explanation: When there are many people present there is a "diffusion of responsibility," that is, each individual person feels like they have less responsibility to help with the situation. This leads to the bystander effect, whereby people are less likely to help when there are many other individuals present. The most famous example of the bystander effect is the murder of Kitty Genovese. Sometimes, humans are aggressive when they perceive they can get away with aggressive actions. They assume that they will not be reprimanded or be punished by negative consequences. Certain acts of violence, such as mob violence or in gangs, can be attributed to which of the following psychological phenomena? Possible Answers: Social loafing Altruism Bystander effect Reciprocity Deindividuation Correct answer: Deindividuation Explanation: The answer is "deindividuation." Deindividuation is when people lose their individuality, often because that person is in a group or the situation calls for it. On the other hand, "altruisim" is helpful behavior to others for the sake of helping, while the "bystander effect" is when someone doesn't help a distressed person due to thinking that the others present will help. "Social loafing" is when a member of a group doesn't carry his burden, while "reciprocity" is where if someone asks a person a question, then they are more willing to listen to details about something else (i.e. because they initiated a request for information). Ms. K is a middle school teacher who would like to assign a group project to her students; however, she is concerned that some of the students will put in less effort, since their individual efforts will be less noticeable. What concept from psychology is Ms. K concerned about? Possible Answers: Social loafing Bystander effect Risky shift Social facilitation Groupthink Correct answer: Social loafing Explanation: Social loafing is the tendency for people to put in less effort when working on a task as a group, compared to when working alone. On the other hand, social facilitation is the opposite of social loafing, and occurs when people do better on tasks when others are present. Risky shift is the idea that groups tend to make riskier decisions than individuals. Groupthink occurs when a group suspends its critical thinking abilities and prefers to reach a consensus among members. The bystander effect is the phenomenon that people are less likely to intervene in emergency situations when multiple people are present. This occurs due to diffusion of responsibility. Suppose an elderly person is brutally mugged in an alleyway. If the alleyway is in a large city and the mugging occurs during rush hour—such that many people pass by and see this event—then the elderly person will be less likely to receive help from passersby. This is largely due to which of the following phenomena? Possible Answers: Bystander effect Societal expectation shift Victim shaming Groupthink Correct answer: Bystander effect Explanation: The bystander effect reviews to the negative correlation between number of individuals witnessing a negative event and likelihood of any of these individuals to help the struggling person. That is, the more people that witness a crime, the less likely any one individual is to offer help to the victim. This is thought to be due to diffusion of responsibility—a social phenomenon in which people feel less responsibility for the action (or inaction) of a group when the group itself is larger (e.g. a student feeling less guilt when she joins in on mocking the teacher when the whole class is doing it, versus when she initiates the mocking and is the only one doing it). Jaymes is a baseball player. He values the opinions of his fellow baseball players more than the opinions of other athletes. Which of the following helps to explain Jaymes' preference? Possible Answers: Social facilitation Ingroup bias Athletic preference Groupthink Group polarization Correct answer: Ingroup bias Explanation: Ingroup bias, also known as ingroup favoritism, refers to a pattern of favoring members of one's ingroup over outgroup members. In the example above, Jaymes belongs to the baseball playing ingroup; therefore, he values the opinions of baseball players (i.e. the ingroup) versus other athletes (i.e. the outgroup). Which of the following increases our likelihood to help a stranger in need? Possible Answers: Being a friendly person Being in a rush Feeling a personal connection to the stranger Not knowing how to help Being in a large crowd Correct answer: Feeling a personal connection to the stranger Explanation: When we feel a personal connection to a stranger in trouble or danger, we are displaying empathy. This makes us more likely to help them. Additionally, feeling this personal connection makes us think of scenarios in which we are the ones in danger and in need of someone's assistance. These thoughts can prompt us to assist someone in need. "Groupthink" is characterized by which of the following? Possible Answers: Faster decision-making Group cohesiveness Conformity and irrational decision-making Creativity and rational decision-making Increased motivation to complete a task Correct answer: Conformity and irrational decision-making Explanation: Groupthink is the result of a group's desire to reach harmony and consensus that often results in poor decision-making in group settings. While group cohesiveness (i.e. the bond between members of a given group) plays a role in groupthink, it is not necessary for groupthink to occur. According to which theory would a person who faints in the middle of the street be less likely to be helped if there are ten witnesses rather than one? Possible Answers: Bystander effect Social loafing Social facilitation Cognitive dissonance Fundamental attribution error Correct answer: Bystander effect Explanation: The bystander effect refers to the phenomenon that people are less likely to intervene in emergency situations when a group of people are present. This finding is attributed to diffusion of responsibility, where people feel less responsible in groups than when they are alone. Cognitive dissonance refers to a person's attempt to resolve the discomfort experienced by holding contradictory beliefs. The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to make internal attributions for other people's behaviors rather than look at the situation. Social loafing occurs when people put in less effort when working in groups rather than when working alone. They often feel that their minimal contributions will not be noticed. On the other hand, social facilitation refers to the tendency of people to perform better when in the presence of others. All AP Psychology ResourcesWhich situation is social loafing least likely to occur?Social Loafing is less likely to occur when team member feel their contribution matters. Finally, team members are less likely to exert effort an engage in social loafing if they feel that their contribution does not matter.
Which of the following scenarios is social loafing most likely to occur?In which of the following scenarios is social loafing most likely to occur? While moving large furniture with a group of friends.
Which of the following scenarios is an example of social loafing?Tug of war, group homework projects, and an entertainer asking an audience to scream are all examples of social loafing because as you add more people to a group, the total group effort declines.
In which of the following situations will Deindividualization most likely occur?Lowered sense of responsibility: Deindividuation is more likely when people feel that other people are also responsible in a situation, or when someone else (such as a group leader) has taken responsibility.
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