What is the last stage of chronic kidney disease in which there is kidney failure with little or no glomerular filtration?
|
The term chronic kidney disease (CKD) is used worldwide to mean any form of kidney disease that goes on for more than a few months. The word 'chronic' doesn’t necessarily mean 'serious' and the word 'disease' includes any abnormality of kidney structure or function, whether or
not it is likely to cause a person to feel unwell or to develop complications. There are various stages of CKD, ranging from mild loss of kidney function to complete kidney failure, but not all CKD conditions progress to the most serious stage. Most people fall into the mild to moderate categories where hospital-based care is not necessary. If you have CKD your doctor should regularly test your urine and blood to find out if there is any kidney damage, how serious the condition is, whether it is getting worse and what treatments you might need to manage your symptoms. Kidney disease is measured and categorised using a blood test which gauges the eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) and a urine test which shows
the ACR (urine albumin:creatinine ratio). The main function of the kidneys is to clear water-soluble waste products (such as creatinine) from the blood. The efficiency of clearance is measured using the GFR Albuminuria: the urine albumin:creatinine ratioA simple urine test called the urine Albumin:Creatinine ratio (ACR) is also performed to look for signs that protein is leaking into the urine (a condition called albuminuria or proteinuria). This is an important sign of kidney damage. The ACR is used to calculate the ‘A stage’ of CKD (as indicated in the Stages of CKD chart below). There are three recognised stages of albuminuria:
Combining your ACR ratio with your eGFR can help doctors try to predict whether your kidney disease is likely to progress and whether you are more likely to develop complications such as heart and circulatory problems. Other factors are also taken into account, e.g. age. In general, the higher the ‘A’ stage, the more likely it is that you will benefit from blood pressure-lowering treatment. Explaining the stages of kidney diseaseThis chart shows the stages of kidney disease and outlines how disease is likely to progress if kidney function reduces and urine protein levels increase.  Want a copy of the stages of kidney disease chart?Download your own printable version OverviewWhat is end-stage renal disease?End-stage kidney disease (ESKD), or kidney failure, is the fifth and final stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. With chronic kidney disease, your kidneys can’t do their day-to-day job. When they fail, you need treatment either dialysis or a kidney transplant to survive. What do the kidneys do?The kidneys are bean-shaped organs, located deep inside the body toward the back, down near the hips. Most people have two kidneys. But some people are born with only one kidney, or only one that works. Other people have a single kidney because they donated one or had one removed for another health reason. In most cases, one kidney can still do everything your body needs. The kidneys:
Symptoms and CausesWhat causes kidney failure?Kidney disease is caused by many different health problems that can damage the kidneys. The damage can take place all at once or a little bit at a time over many years. Eventually, kidney disease can lead to kidney failure. Common causes of kidney disease include:
What are the symptoms of end-stage renal disease?Early kidney disease often has no symptoms. Some people may not even know they have kidney disease until their kidneys fail. If your kidneys begin to fail, you may experience:
If you develop any of these symptoms, you should contact a healthcare provider immediately. What are the complications of renal failure?End-stage renal failure can cause complications and emergencies that require treatment, including:
Diagnosis and TestsWhat tests should I have for kidney disease?People with chronic kidney disease usually see a kidney specialist called a nephrologist. This healthcare provider takes blood tests at a set schedule to measure levels of:
Management and TreatmentCan doctors cure kidney failure?Healthcare providers can treat, slow or stop kidney disease but can’t cure kidney failure. A person with end-stage kidney disease needs dialysis or a kidney transplant to survive. When do you know you need dialysis or a kidney transplant?Your healthcare provider will calculate a special score called the estimated glomerular filtration rate, or eGFR. This score helps the provider track the severity of kidney disease over time. It starts at 100 (highest kidney function) and goes down to 0 (no kidney function). A score below 15 marks kidney failure and the need for dialysis or kidney transplant. Healthcare providers determine the filtration rate based on your:
What is dialysis?Dialysis takes over the work of the kidneys to keep your body in balance. It has no effect on kidney function. There are two common types:
Where do I get dialysis?You can receive dialysis in a hospital, in a dialysis clinic or at home. Your healthcare provider will help you decide which option is best for you. How long does dialysis take?Usually, each hemodialysis treatment lasts about four hours. Most people receiving hemodialysis need it three times a week. A peritoneal dialysis treatment takes 30 to 40 minutes and should get done several times a day. Your nephrologist will determine what type of dialysis you need based on:
A person waiting for a kidney transplant needs dialysis treatments right up to the time of surgery. What is a kidney transplant?A kidney transplant is an operation where surgeons replace the diseased kidney with a new one placed in the groin area. The kidney can come from someone who has died or from a living donor. Remember, most people have two kidneys and can live just fine with one healthy kidney. Your healthcare team will perform tests to determine if the donor kidney is a good match. To prevent your body from rejecting a new kidney, you will need to take special drugs. These drugs are called anti-rejection medications or immunosuppressants. After a successful transplant, the donated kidney will start filtering blood and removing waste. PreventionCan I prevent kidney failure?The best way to prevent end-stage renal disease is to manage the disease harming your kidneys, especially high blood pressure or diabetes. Doing so will limit the amount of damage done to your kidneys. Outlook / PrognosisWhat is the outlook for a person with kidney failure?Healthcare providers can’t cure kidney failure, and the disease is life-threatening. But dialysis or a kidney transplant can help you live longer and manage any symptoms or complications. You can also do the things you enjoy. Living WithShould I change my lifestyle to manage kidney failure?People with severe kidney disease (even those on dialysis) should:
A dietician can help you plan proper nutrition for kidney disease. Can I still work if my kidneys are failing?Many people with kidney failure keep working. It may make you feel more normal and productive. And it can provide insurance to cover your health costs. Your healthcare providers can help you plan a treatment schedule that fits your work needs. You can even ask your healthcare provider for a social worker to help you talk with your employer. For example, if you’re on peritoneal dialysis and do it yourself, you’ll need access to a clean place at work. If you’re on hemodialysis, your employer should know that you can’t lift heavy things. If you can’t work, government and private programs can help. They can provide money, health insurance and transportation to doctors’ appointments and treatments. A social worker can help you find such programs and apply. A note from Cleveland Clinic End-stage renal disease is the last stage of chronic kidney disease. It marks the point when kidney function drops to very low levels. Kidney failure failure is life threatening, but dialysis or transplantation can relieve weakened kidneys. If you have kidney disease, a healthcare provider can help you manage the cause and watch your kidney function. What is the last stage of chronic kidney disease?Overview. End-stage renal failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is the final, permanent stage of chronic kidney disease, where kidney function has declined to the point that the kidneys can no longer function on their own.
What is stage 4 chronic kidney disease?Stage 4 CKD means that your kidneys are moderately or severely damaged and are not working as well as they should to filter waste from your blood. Waste products may build up in your blood and cause other health problems, such as: High blood pressure. Anemia (not enough red blood cells in your body)
What is stage 3 chronic kidney disease?What is Stage 3 CKD? In Stage 3 CKD, your kidneys have mild to moderate damage, and they are less able to filter waste and fluid out of your blood. This waste can build up in your body and begin to harm other areas, such as to cause high blood pressure, anemia and problems with your bones.
What is Stage 5 kidney disease mean?Stage 5 CKD means your kidneys are getting very close to failure or have already failed. Kidney failure is also called end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). If your kidneys fail, you will need to start dialysis or have a kidney transplant to live.
|
