Identify whether or not the following scenarios illustrate steps in the scientific method quizlet
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Campbell Biology: Concepts and Connections9th EditionEric J. Simon, Jane B. Reece, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan, Martha R. Taylor 614 solutions Which scenario BEST illustrates mixed method research? Kylie conducts survey research on parental involvement with homework at a boarding school, a homeschooling group, a public school, and a charter school. Marvin interviews doctors, nurses, registered nurses, and patients to develop a well-rounded picture of what most influences patient outcomes after heart surgery. Rick Grimes is studying the impact of marijuana use on driving ability. He collects data related to THC absorption in the blood, reaction time, and perception. He also completes in-depth interviews with drivers who have been pulled over by the authorities and admitted to smoking marijuana and driving. What kind of research is Rick Grimes conducting? Ursula is prepared to use multiple forms of observation to collect data about public park use. She employs personal observation, generates a video record for content analysis, and interviews people that use the park.
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Terms in this set (38)Place in order the steps in designing and executing an experiment. identify variables. 4 goals of psychology describe, explain, predict, and control human behavior Which of the following types of information will probably have well supported evidence? reports in peer-reviewed journals Which of the following are measures of central tendency of the first psychology exam in a semester? The average score on the exam was an 85. Occam's Razor law of parsimony Which of the following key ethical decisions would an institutional review board approve of? keeping study participants' data confidential How Is the Scientific Method Used in Psychological Research? a testable prediction, derived from a theoryhypothesis Which experimental procedures are designed to decrease bias in experiments and increase generalization of the results? Random SamplingRandom Assignment Which of the following are the goals of science and psychological research? description A psychologist is studying whether eating dessert at night causes children to be hyper. Match the goals of science with the questions the psychologist will ask. Why
does eating ice cream after dinner have an effect on children's behavior?explanation Match the names of the statistics to their examples Most psychology classes have 35 students enrolled.mode Match the studies with the research methods that are used in each case A psychologist measures the relationship between brain damage and learning disabilities.correlation Researchers conducted a study to measure the effect of sunlight on levels of vitamins in participants' bodies. Participants were randomly assigned to receive zero, four, or eight hours of sunlight, and researchers then measured levels of vitamin D in their bloodstreams. hours of sunlight exposureindependent variable Match the ethical issue with the example that best depicts the issue. A study will not expose participants to any unreasonably harmful conditions or events.risks Police radar equipment is used to detect the speed of objects. In one trial, the radar equipment records a stationary tree as traveling at 6 mph, although in another trial it records the tree as traveling at 0
mph. accuracy A psychologist studies the effects of exam review strategy on long-term memory. College students are randomly selected and then randomly assigned to one of four groups. not studying A psychologist conducts a study and posts the data on Facebook, including participants' identities. He does not tell the participants beforehand what will happen during the study and does not fill them in about the study's true goals after data has been collected. informed
consent Match the correlation findings with the possible interpretations moderate inverse predictive relationship between two variablesnegative correlation of -0.50 Match the types of research methods with their examples A health psychologist randomly assigns people to do yoga in the morning, at night, or not at all. After eight weeks, people rate their overall moods.experiment A health psychologist wants to study whether a diet of fruits and vegetables is healthier than a diet of meat. ... A cognitive psychologist studies the effects of coconut oil on memory function. Elderly people with an early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease are randomly assigned to eat either zero teaspoons, two teaspoons, or four teaspoons of coconut oil a day, and are then asked to take a 20-question memory test. Some participants live alone, and some are married. participants'
marital statusconfound People's behavior changes when they know they are being observed. This is known as reactivity; it is also called the Hawthorne effect, after a manufacturing plant where the phenomenon was documented. A common reason for this phenomenon is that people like to make a positive impression on their observer. In surveys, this creates a bias toward socially acceptable answers. This pattern is called socially desirable responding, or faking good. ... A researcher in sport psychology wants to find out whether, in the sport of fencing (which has been called "physical chess"), logic games and other mental exercises promote tournament success. To that end, the researcher plans an experiment using a college fencing team as a convenience sample.Match each issue with the experiment to the type of problem it would represent not accurateDue to unreliable scorekeeping, several of the bout results are recorded with slightly incorrect point totals. Identify each data analysis task as belonging to either descriptive or inferential statistics. Descriptive Statistics As a science, psychology gains knowledge through observation and measurement. This approach is called empiricism, and the implementation is called the scientific method, which follows systematic steps in a bias-free way, in order to test hypotheses and obtain reproducible results. ... The practice of drawing conclusions by conducting a study of other studies is called meta-analysis. The results of each individual study are weighted based on the size of the study sample and the size of the effect. In effect, such a study looks for replication of results. Many researchers feel that this methodology provides stronger evidence for whatever conclusions are reached than any single study could. ... Which of the following correlations have strong predictive value? There is a positive correlation of +0.90. A psychologist develops a theory that being in love makes people less risk-averse. A more complex theory
that seeks to explain the same phenomenon would be less preferred.parsimonious When a psychologist simply records the relationship between two variables without manipulating them, it is called a correlational study. The observed relationship does not by itself reveal which variable causes the other. This is the directionality problem. Also, the relationship may be due to a third variable controlling both of the observed variables ... Studies that account for the influence of culture on people's attitudes and actions are called culturally sensitive. Allowing for culture is not only a matter of respect, but it is also necessary if research findings are to generalize across samples from different cultures ... An Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee reviews animal research. Which of the following does this committee oversee? reviewing research proposals for testing on animals What are some factors that can affect the accuracy of an observational study? reactivity Although correlational studies cannot demonstrate causality, on an ethical level they are often preferable to experiments, because they do not involve manipulating people and possibly exposing them to risk of harm. And on a practical level, even without establishing causation, correlational studies can be useful for making predictions ... A psychologist investigates the correlation between a person's sex drive and a person's consumption of junk food and then reports that the correlation is negative. People with strong sex drives eat less junk food than people with lower sex drives. The ideal way to obtain a study sample from a population is random sampling, because the method of convenience sampling produces a sample that may not be representative. By the same token, assigning members of the sample to either the experimental or the control group should also be random, in order to avoid the selection bias that could otherwise occur ... Match the terms with their examples A psychologist believes that using different teaching methods will increase test scores. He treats the students in the experimental group as if they were smarter, and consequently, they have better test scores.experimenter expectancy effect In experimental research, it is important to provide precise definitions of both dependent and independent variables. With operational definitions, the variables are described objectively, to make clear exactly what manipulations and measurements the experiment involves. This is important for later replication of the results by other researchers. ... Naturalistic observation requires that the researcher remain detached from the situation being studied, whereas participant observation calls for the researcher to be involved in it. ... Recommended textbook solutions
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