Which statement made by the student nurse needs correction regarding the tidal model?

2Nursing Theory Analysis PaperThe middle range theory that can be applied to practice is the Tidal Model Theory byPhil Barker. This model allows nurses to practice mental health by using a framework that placesemphasis on the patient as an individual with their own perception of needs and what theirtreatment goals should be. The theory states that an individual’s mental well-being is dependenton his or her individual life experiences, including his or hers sense of self, perceptions,thoughts, and actions (Petiprin, 2019). An essential skill of mental health nursing is being able torecognize difference. The Tidal Model supports the development of this skill because it is anapproach based on uniqueness (Barker & Buchanan-Barker, 2008).The Tidal Model was developed by Professor Philip J. Barker at the University ofNewcastle, UK in the psychiatry and neurology department alongside a social work specialistPoppy Buchanan-Barker (Bag, 2019). Dr. Phil Barker, his wife Poppy Buchanan-Barker createdthe Tidal Wave Model to promote mental health. Its theory relies heavily on metaphors that areused to empower people and uses each person's experiences and wisdom to effect change (2011).Philip Barker’s first job was a nursing assistant in the late 1960s and went on to work as a mentalhealth nurse for over 35 years. After receiving a PhD in psychiatric nursing, he became theUnited Kingdom's first professor of psychiatric nursing practice at the University of Newcastle inEngland (2011). Phil Barker and Poppy Buchanan-Baker are known for their role of leadingtheorists in nursing with care models based on mental health recovery (Morales & Moreno,2020).

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Few ideas in psychiatry gain acceptance overnight. It took 50 years for Albert Ellis's rational emotive therapy and Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy to gain acceptance as today's most popular talking cure--cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Change may be the core business in mental health, but the field often clings to ideas and attitudes long past their sell-by date.

The Tidal Model is just over ten years old (Barker 1998, Barker and Buchanan-Barker 2005), although its origins lie in Poppy Buchanan-Barker's work with people with multiple disabilities and Phil Barker's work with women with a diagnosis of manic depression, both from the early 1980s (Hume et al 1988). Those experiences led to the realisation that we were 'working too hard' in trying to change people. Suddenly, the question was obvious: 'How could we help people live a more meaningful life by using the personal and interpersonal resources they already possess?' (Barker 1990).

Around the same time we discovered the work of Shoma Morita (Reynolds 1981), who had developed a highly original form of psychotherapy in 1920s Japan. Morita called his 'patients' students, believing that his role was not to fix or change them, but to help them learn something directly from life.

Morita's most famous maxim--'Do what needs to be done'--occupies an important place in the Tidal philosophy (Barker and Buchanan-Barker 2005). From over 80 years ago, Morita reminded us that, although change is rarely easy, if we are to live more effective and meaningful lives, we must act, not just sit around talking about how we feel about life (Morita 1998).

However, by far the biggest influences on the development of the Tidal Model have been the people we have worked with over the past 40 years. They taught us that we all are 'students'--professionals and 'patients' alike.

As our New Zealand colleague Anne Helm noted: 'Recovery is not a destination, but the journeying task of making sense of life itself. We are all in recovery. There are no patients to seek recovery for, no nurses to map the waterways and guide the boats on the voyage.

'We are all fellow wayfarers, who can share experiences and insights from our own lives, thereby facilitating each other's progress' (Helm 2003).

As professionals we need to spend every day learning, afresh, what 'needs to be done' to help this particular person, with these particular 'problems in living', in this particular situation. Then we may begin to explore what we can bring from our own experience to support the person in doing that.

Increasingly, politicians and professionals talk about 'mental health problems' or even 'mental health issues' (Beresford 2000), rather than about different kinds of 'mental illness'. In our view, the real issue is 'problems in living'. People find it difficult to live with themselves or the people and situations they encounter in everyday life. The challenge is to help people live through, if not beyond, such problems of everyday living.

The ordinary is extraordinary

When the Tidal Model was launched in 1997 it...

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Copyright: COPYRIGHT 2008 Royal College of Nursing Publishing Company (RCN)

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Which commitment is included under the tidal model that focuses on the individual's personal story?

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