Which Windows file system is best to be placed on this drive if encryption will be used?

Windows-supported operating systems rely on one of two different types of file systems: File Allocation Table (FAT) or New Technology File System (NTFS).

While both file systems were created by Microsoft, each has different benefits and disadvantages related to compatibility, security, and flexibility.

In this article, we will break down what a FAT file system is, what an NTFS file system is and what the pros and cons are for each system.

What Is FAT?

Microsoft created the File Allocation Table file system in 1977 and is the simplest file system supported by Windows NT. It is the older of the two file systems and therefore isn’t as efficient or advanced. However, it does offer more compatibility with other operating systems and removable storage devices.

The FAT is used to describe the allocation status of the clusters (the basic units of logical storage on a hard drive) in a file system, as well as the link relationship between each. It acts as a Table of Contents for the operating system, indicating where directories and files are stored on the disk.

A FAT is often most used in removable storage devices, such as digital cameras, Smart TVs and other portable devices.

The file allocation table is a critical part of the FAT file system. If the FAT is damaged or lost, the data on the hard disk becomes unreadable.

There are several limitations to using a FAT32 file system:

• FAT32 only supports files of up to 4GB in size and volumes of up to 2TB in size
• FAT32 isn’t a journaling file system, which means corruption can happen more easily
• FAT32 doesn’t support file permissions

What Is NTFS?

Microsoft created the New Technology File System in 1993, and it is now the most widely used file system in Windows.

It was introduced as a replacement for the FAT file system, designed to improve upon FAT by increasing performance, reliability and disk space.

NTFS supports:

• Very large files
• Different file permissions and encryption
• Automatically restores consistency by using log file and checkpoint information
• File compression when running out of disk space
• Establishing disk quotas, limiting space users can use

FAT vs. NTFS

FAT is the more simple file system of the two, but NTFS offers different enhancements and offers increased security. Choosing the right operating system depends on your needs.

1. Fault Tolerance: NTFS automatically repairs files/folders in the case of power failures or errors. FAT32 maintains two different copies of the FAT in the case of damage.
2. Security: FAT32 only offers shared permissions, while NTFS allows you to set specific permissions to local files/folders.
3. Compression: FAT32 does not offer any compression option. NTFS does allow for individual compression of files and folders so you don’t slow down the system.
4. Compatibility: NTFS is compatible with operating systems back to Windows XP. For Mac OS users, however, NTFS systems can only be read by Mac, while FAT32 drives can be both read and written to by the Mac OS.

The biggest disadvantage of using the NTFS file system is compatibility:

• Many removable devices, such as Android smartphones don’t support NTFS
• While Mac OS X can read support for NTFS drives, but it can’t write to NTFS drives without third-party software
• Some media devices, including Smart TVs, media players, and printers, don’t support NTFS
• NTFS file systems are only compatible with Windows 2000 and later versions of Windows

When it comes to removable devices, it’s safer to use FAT32 so they can be used with almost any device.

There is no clear winner when it comes to FAT vs. NTFS. Choosing the right file system depends on your individual needs and uses.

To learn more about the best data storage and data recovery for your business, contact Datto.

Apple File System (APFS)

Apple File System (APFS), the default file system for Mac computers using macOS 10.13 or later, features strong encryption, space sharing, snapshots, fast directory sizing and improved file system fundamentals. While APFS is optimised for the Flash/SSD storage used in recent Mac computers, it can also be used with older systems with traditional hard disk drives (HDD) and external, direct-attached storage. macOS 10.13 or later supports APFS for both bootable and data volumes.

APFS allocates disk space within a container (partition) on demand. When a single APFS container has multiple volumes, the container’s free space is shared and automatically allocated to any of the individual volumes as needed. If desired, you can specify reserve and quota sizes for each volume. Each volume uses only part of the overall container, so the available space is the total size of the container, minus the size of all the volumes in the container.

Choose one of the following APFS formats for Mac computers using macOS 10.13 or later.

• APFS: Uses the APFS format. Choose this option if you don’t need an encrypted or case-sensitive format.

• APFS (Encrypted): Uses the APFS format and encrypts the volume.

• APFS (Case-sensitive): Uses the APFS format and is case-sensitive to file and folder names. For example, folders named “Homework” and “HOMEWORK” are two different folders.

• APFS (Case-sensitive, Encrypted): Uses the APFS format, is case-sensitive to file and folder names and encrypts the volume. For example, folders named “Homework” and “HOMEWORK” are two different folders.

You can easily add or delete volumes in APFS containers. Each volume within an APFS container can have its own APFS format — APFS, APFS (Encrypted), APFS (Case-sensitive) or APFS (Case-sensitive, Encrypted).

Mac OS Extended

Choose one of the following Mac OS Extended file system formats for compatibility with Mac computers using macOS 10.12 or earlier.

• Mac OS Extended (Journaled): Uses the Mac format (Journaled HFS Plus) to protect the integrity of the hierarchical file system. Choose this option if you don’t need an encrypted or case-sensitive format.

• Mac OS Extended (Journaled, Encrypted): Uses the Mac format, requires a password, and encrypts the partition.

• Mac OS Extended (Case-sensitive, Journaled): Uses the Mac format and is case-sensitive to folder names. For example, folders named “Homework” and “HOMEWORK” are two different folders.

• Mac OS Extended (Case-sensitive, Journaled, Encrypted): Uses the Mac format, is case-sensitive to folder names, requires a password, and encrypts the partition.

Windows-compatible formats

Choose one of the following Windows-compatible file system formats if you are formatting a disk to use with Windows.

• MS-DOS (FAT): Use for Windows volumes that are 32GB or less.

• ExFAT: Use for Windows volumes that are over 32GB.

Which Windows file system has the most security features?

Which of the following file systems supports the use of encrypting file system EFS )?

Which Windows file system supports encryption and compression group of answer choices?

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