Hướng dẫn python list all subfolders

This below class would be able to get list of files, folder and all sub folder inside a given directory

import os
import json

class GetDirectoryList():
    def __init__(self, path):
        self.main_path = path
        self.absolute_path = []
        self.relative_path = []


    def get_files_and_folders(self, resp, path):
        all = os.listdir(path)
        resp["files"] = []
        for file_folder in all:
            if file_folder != "." and file_folder != "..":
                if os.path.isdir(path + "/" + file_folder):
                    resp[file_folder] = {}
                    self.get_files_and_folders(resp=resp[file_folder], path= path + "/" + file_folder)
                else:
                    resp["files"].append(file_folder)
                    self.absolute_path.append(path.replace(self.main_path + "/", "") + "/" + file_folder)
                    self.relative_path.append(path + "/" + file_folder)
        return resp, self.relative_path, self.absolute_path

    @property
    def get_all_files_folder(self):
        self.resp = {self.main_path: {}}
        all = self.get_files_and_folders(self.resp[self.main_path], self.main_path)
        return all

if __name__ == '__main__':
    mylib = GetDirectoryList(path="sample_folder")
    file_list = mylib.get_all_files_folder
    print (json.dumps(file_list))

Whereas Sample Directory looks like

sample_folder/
    lib_a/
        lib_c/
            lib_e/
                __init__.py
                a.txt
            __init__.py
            b.txt
            c.txt
        lib_d/
            __init__.py
        __init__.py
        d.txt
    lib_b/
        __init__.py
        e.txt
    __init__.py

Result Obtained

[
  {
    "files": [
      "__init__.py"
    ],
    "lib_b": {
      "files": [
        "__init__.py",
        "e.txt"
      ]
    },
    "lib_a": {
      "files": [
        "__init__.py",
        "d.txt"
      ],
      "lib_c": {
        "files": [
          "__init__.py",
          "c.txt",
          "b.txt"
        ],
        "lib_e": {
          "files": [
            "__init__.py",
            "a.txt"
          ]
        }
      },
      "lib_d": {
        "files": [
          "__init__.py"
        ]
      }
    }
  },
  [
    "sample_folder/lib_b/__init__.py",
    "sample_folder/lib_b/e.txt",
    "sample_folder/__init__.py",
    "sample_folder/lib_a/lib_c/lib_e/__init__.py",
    "sample_folder/lib_a/lib_c/lib_e/a.txt",
    "sample_folder/lib_a/lib_c/__init__.py",
    "sample_folder/lib_a/lib_c/c.txt",
    "sample_folder/lib_a/lib_c/b.txt",
    "sample_folder/lib_a/lib_d/__init__.py",
    "sample_folder/lib_a/__init__.py",
    "sample_folder/lib_a/d.txt"
  ],
  [
    "lib_b/__init__.py",
    "lib_b/e.txt",
    "sample_folder/__init__.py",
    "lib_a/lib_c/lib_e/__init__.py",
    "lib_a/lib_c/lib_e/a.txt",
    "lib_a/lib_c/__init__.py",
    "lib_a/lib_c/c.txt",
    "lib_a/lib_c/b.txt",
    "lib_a/lib_d/__init__.py",
    "lib_a/__init__.py",
    "lib_a/d.txt"
  ]
]

This post will discuss how to list all subdirectories in a directory in Python.

1. Using os.listdir() function

A simple solution to list all subdirectories in a directory is using the os.listdir() function. However, this returns the list of all files and subdirectories in the root directory. You can filter the returned list using the os.path.isdir() function to list only the subdirectories.

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You can easily extend the solution to search within subdirectories as well, as shown below:

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2. Using os.scandir() function

With Python 3.5, you can use the os.scandir() function, which offers significantly better performance over os.listdir(). It returns directory entries along with file attribute information. To filter the returned entries to exclude files, call the is_dir() function, which returns True if the current entry is a directory or a symbolic link pointing to a directory.

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You can easily make the above code recursive to enable search within subdirectories:

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3. Using pathlib module

You can also use the pathlib module with Python 3.4 to list all subdirectories in a directory. The idea is to call the Path.iterdir() function, yielding path objects of the directory contents. You can filter the returned objects for directories or a symbolic link pointing to a directory, use the Path.is_dir()() function.

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Here’s the recursive version, which also searches within the subdirectories:

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4. Using os.walk() function

To search in subdirectories, consider using the os.walk() function. It recursively yields a 3-tuple (dirpath, dirnames, filenames), where dirpath is the path to the current directory, dirnames is a list of the names of the subdirectories in the current directory and filenames lists the regular files in the current directory.

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5. Using glob module

Finally, you can use the glob.glob function, which returns an iterator over the list of pathnames that match the specified pattern.

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Python 3.5 extended support for recursive globs using ** to search subdirectories and symbolic links to directories.

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That’s all about listing all subdirectories in a directory in Python.

Thanks for reading.

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